Adnexa and ovary

1. Introduction 00%

Role of Ultrasound in Adnexal Evaluation
Indications: Pain, Mass, Infertility, Menstrual Irregularity
TVS vs TAS Approaches
Advantages, Safety, and Limitations

2. Anatomy of Ovary and Adnexa 00%

Ovarian Location and Relations
Ovarian Ligaments and Blood Supply
Tubal Anatomy and Relationship to Ovary
Surrounding Structures: Uterus, Bladder, Bowel, Pouch of Douglas

3. Normal Ovary on Ultrasound 00%

Normal Size and Volume by Age
Follicular Development: Antral, Dominant, Corpus Luteum
Echotexture and Stromal Echogenicity
Periovulatory Changes
Ovarian Volume and Antral Follicle Count (AFC)
Folliculometry and Ovulation Tracking
Doppler Flow Patterns in Different Cycles

4. Physiological and Functional Lesions 00%

Simple Follicular Cyst
Postmenopausal Pelvic Cyst
Ovarian Functional Cyst
Corpus Luteum Cyst
Theca Lutein Cysts (High hCG States)
Luteoma of Pregnancy
Luteinized Unruptured Follicle
Ovarian Changes in Early Pregnancy

5. Ovarian Pathologies 00%

1. Benign Neoplasms

Dermoid Cyst (Mature Cystic Teratoma)
• Dermoid plug (Rokitansky nodule)
• “Tip of the iceberg” sign
• Dermoid mesh (“dot–dash” sign)
• Mobile spherules (floating balls sign)
• Fat-fluid level
Ovarian Fibroma
Brenner Tumor (Transitional Cell Tumor)
Serous and Mucinous Cystadenomas
• Ovarian serous cystadenoma
• Ovarian borderline serous cystadenoma
• Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma
• Ovarian borderline mucinous cystadenoma
• Ovarian serous cystadenofibroma
Sclerosing Stromal Tumor of the Ovary

2. Inflammatory & Infectious Lesions

Ovarian Abscess
Ovarian Vein Thrombosis
Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

3. Endometriosis and Variants

Endometrioma (Ground-glass echogenicity)
Ruptured Endometrioma
Decidualized Endometrioma in Pregnancy

4. Hemorrhagic Ovarian Cyst

Fishnet weave or fine reticular pattern
Retracting clot appearance
Fluid-debris level in hemorrhagic cyst
Ruptured hemorrhagic cyst
Mimicking solid ovarian neoplasm

5. Malignant and Borderline Tumors

Ovarian Dysgerminomas
Complex Cystic-Solid Mass with Papillary Projections
Ascites and Peritoneal Mets
Doppler features for risk stratification

6. Miscellaneous

Punctate Echogenic Foci (Focal Calcification)
Ovarian Remnant Syndrome (ORS)

6. Adnexal Pathologies 00%

Tubo-Ovarian Abscess (TOA)
Hydrosalpinx and Pyosalpinx
Ectopic Pregnancy (Adnexal Ring Sign)
Paraovarian Cysts
Peritoneal Inclusion Cysts

7. Ovarian Torsion 00%

Enlarged Ovary with Peripheral Follicles
Absent or Reduced Doppler Flow
Whirlpool Sign (Twisted Vascular Pedicle)
Differential with Hemorrhagic Cyst or TOA

div class="subtopics"> Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Doppler in Luteal Phase
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (OHSS)