Cephalocele/Meningocele

---

Figer-1

📄 Report Sample Line- Cephalocele/Meningocele (During First Trimester / NT Screening)
Gray scale imaging of a fetal brain showing a midline extracranial cystic mass extending through a defect in the occipital skull region, consistent with a cephalocele. The intracranial structures appear disrupted at the site of the lesion


Conclussion: 📋 Sonographic features are suggestive of a cephalocele/Meningocele a neural tube defect involving herniation of intracranial contents through a skull defect, most commonly occipital
Recommendation: Recommend urgent referral to fetal medicine for detailed neurosonography and assessment for associated anomalies, including evaluation for Meckel–Gruber syndrome and chromosomal abnormalities. Karyotyping or chromosomal microarray and follow-up imaging including fetal MRI are advised for prognostic and counseling purposes.

Figer-2

📄 Report Sample Line- Cephalocele/Encephalocele (During First Trimester / NT Screening)
Gray scale imaging of a fetal brain showing a midline occipital bony defect with herniation of intracranial brain tissue into a well-defined extracranial mass, consistent with an encephalocele. The cranial vault appears abnormal posteriorly, and the intracranial anatomy is disrupted at the lesion site.


Conclussion: 📋 Sonographic features are consistent with an cephalocele/encephalocele a type of neural tube defect characterized by herniation of brain tissue through a skull defect.
Recommendation: Follow-up with fetal MRI

Figer-3

📄 Report Sample Line- Cephalocele/Meningo-encephalocele (During First Trimester / NT Screening)
Gray scale imaging of a fetal brain showing a posterior skull defect with a complex extracranial mass containing meninges, brain tissue, and an anechoic component suggestive of a dilated ventricular structure, consistent with a meningoencephalocystocele. There is discontinuity of the calvarium in the occipital region, and distortion of intracranial anatomy.


Conclussion: 📋 Features are consistent with a Meningo-encephalocele a severe form of cephalocele involving herniation of meninges, brain tissue, and part of the ventricular system through a skull defect.
Recommendation: Consider second-trimester fetal MRI and multidisciplinary counseling regarding.

---

Note: Select English to answer in English, या हिंदी चुनें तो प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में दीजिए।

1. What is an encephalocele/meningocele (cephalocele)? 1. एन्सेफेलोसील/मेनींगोसील (सीफेलोसील) क्या है?
A. A congenital neural tube closure defect with herniation of meninges (meningocele) or meninges with brain tissue (encephalocele) through a skull defect
B. A heart defect
C. An abdominal wall defect
D. A limb malformation

2. Common locations for cephaloceles include: 2. सीफेलोसील के सामान्य स्थान कौन से हैं?
A. Occipital region (most common), frontal (anterior), parietal or sincipital regions
B. Only the limbs
C. Only inside the thorax
D. Only the umbilical cord

3. Prenatal ultrasound clues suggesting cephalocele are: 3. गर्भकालीन अल्ट्रासाउंड संकेत जो सीफेलोसील का संकेत देते हैं कौन से हैं?
A. Extra-cranial cystic or solid mass contiguous with a skull defect, abnormal head shape, or intracranial ventricular changes
B. Only polyhydramnios
C. Normal head shape always
D. Only small fetal kidneys

4. Which imaging modality complements ultrasound for better characterization? 4. बेहतर चरित्रांकन के लिए कौन सा इमेजिंग मोडैलिटी अल्ट्रासाउंड की पूरक है?
A. Fetal MRI (better defines brain content, skull defect and associated anomalies)
B. Maternal chest X-ray
C. Fetal bone scan
D. Maternal ECG

5. Associated findings that worsen prognosis include: 5. उन जुड़ी हुई खोजों में से कौन सा पूर्वानुमान खराब करता है?
A. Large brain tissue herniation (encephalocele), microcephaly, intracranial malformations or chromosomal abnormalities
B. Isolated small skin tag only
C. Maternal headache only
D. Only increased femur length

6. Initial prenatal workup when cephalocele is suspected includes: 6. जब सीफेलोसील का संदेह हो तो प्रारंभिक गर्भकालीन वर्कअप में क्या शामिल है?
A. Detailed ultrasound, fetal MRI, fetal karyotype or microarray if indicated, and assessment for other anomalies
B. Immediate delivery without tests
C. Maternal ECG only
D. No follow-up

7. Which statement about encephalocele vs meningocele is correct? 7. एन्सेफेलोसील बनाम मेनींगोसील के बारे में कौन सा कथन सही है?
A. Encephalocele contains brain tissue and generally has a worse prognosis than meningocele which contains meninges only
B. Meningocele always contains brain tissue
C. They are identical with same prognosis
D. Neither impacts prognosis

8. Prenatal counseling should cover which topics? 8. गर्भकालीन परामर्श में किन विषयों को शामिल करना चाहिए?
A. Extent of defect, likely neurologic outcome, role of fetal MRI, genetic testing results, and delivery/neonatal surgical planning
B. Only maternal diet
C. Advise immediate termination without discussion
D. No counseling needed

9. Postnatal care for babies with cephalocele may require: 9. सीफेलोसील वाले शिशुओं के लिए जन्मोपरांत देखभाल में क्या शामिल हो सकता है?
A. Neurosurgical repair, management of hydrocephalus if present, and long-term neurodevelopmental follow-up
B. Only maternal antibiotics
C. Immediate cardiac surgery only
D. No interventions ever

10. Prognosis is generally best when: 10. कब सामान्यतः सबसे अच्छा पूर्वानुमान होता है?
A. The lesion is small, contains meninges only (meningocele), there are no major intracranial malformations or chromosomal abnormalities
B. Large lesion with significant brain herniation
C. Presence of multiple chromosomal anomalies
D. When maternal age is over 40 only