Placental Edema

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Figure-1

📄 Report Sample Line - Placental Edema

Ultrasound evaluation reveals a diffusely thickened placenta measuring more than the expected normal limit for gestational age (>4 cm in the second trimester or >6 cm in the third trimester). The placental texture appears hypoechoic with areas of increased echogenicity and fluid interspaces, consistent with placental edema. No focal masses or abruptions are noted. Associated findings include mild fetal ascites and skin thickening, suggesting early signs of hydrops. Amniotic fluid is within normal range. Umbilical venous dilatation is observed. Fetal cardiac anatomy appears normal; however, MCA Doppler shows elevated peak systolic velocity, suggesting possible fetal anemia.

Conclusion: 📋 Findings are consistent with Placental Edema, with associated signs suggestive of evolving hydrops fetalis. Underlying causes may include fetal anemia, infection, or chromosomal abnormalities.

Recommendation: Recommend further evaluation including maternal antibody screen (to assess for immune hydrops), TORCH screening, fetal karyotyping if indicated, and serial ultrasound follow-up to monitor progression. Referral to fetal medicine unit for multidisciplinary evaluation is advised.

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Note: If you select English, answer all questions in English.
यदि आप हिंदी चुनते हैं, तो सभी प्रश्न हिंदी में हल करें।

1. Placental edema on ultrasound is best described as: 1. अल्ट्रासाउंड पर प्लेसेंटल एडिमा को सबसे अच्छा कैसे वर्णित किया जाता है?
A. Small, calcified placenta with increased echogenicity only
B. Increased placental thickness/placentomegaly with hypoechoic or heterogeneous appearance due to villous/intervillous edema
C. Focal bright echogenic mass within the placenta only
D. Normal thin placenta with lakes

2. Typical sonographic features of placental edema include: 2. प्लेसेंटल एडिमा के सामान्य सोनोग्राफिक लक्षणों में क्या शामिल है?
A. Thin placenta with increased calcifications
B. Thickened placenta, heterogeneous/hypoechoic areas, sometimes cystic spaces or placentomegaly
C. Clearly demarcated solid tumor only
D. Always a completely anechoic placenta

3. Which of the following is a common underlying association with placental edema? 3. निम्नलिखित में से किससे प्लेसेंटल एडिमा का सामान्य रूप से संबंध होता है?
A. Maternal smoking only
B. Fetal hydrops (immune or nonimmune) / fetal anemia
C. Isolated maternal headache
D. Oligohydramnios exclusively

4. Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of placental edema? 4. निम्नलिखित में से कौन प्लेसेंटल एडिमा का सामान्य कारण नहीं है?
A. Fetal anemia or hydrops
B. Maternal diabetes mellitus
C. Intrauterine infection (TORCH) or chorioamnionitis
D. Oligohydramnios (low amniotic fluid)

5. Maternal condition commonly associated with placental edema is: 5. प्लेसेंटल एडिमा से सामान्यतः जुड़ी मातृ स्थिति कौन‑सी है?
A. Pre‑existing or gestational diabetes mellitus
B. Maternal hypotension only
C. Maternal anemia only without fetal involvement
D. Normal pregnancy with no risk factors always

6. Which finding most strongly indicates a worse fetal prognosis when placental edema is present? 6. प्लेसेंटल एडिमा होने पर कौन‑सी खोज सबसे अधिक खराब भ्रूण पूर्वानुमान का संकेत देती है?
A. Isolated small placental thickening with normal fetal parameters
B. Presence of fetal hydrops (ascites, skin edema, pleural/pericardial effusion)
C. Mild maternal backache only
D. Normal fetal movement report

7. Best next step if placental edema is detected on routine scan is: 7. यदि रूटीन स्कैन पर प्लेसेंटल एडिमा पाया जाता है तो अगला सबसे अच्छा कदम क्या है?
A. Detailed fetal anatomic scan, evaluate for hydrops, fetal echocardiography, infection screen and consider fetal karyotype/microarray
B. Immediate cesarean delivery in all cases
C. Ignore and repeat after 6 months
D. Start high‑dose steroids for mother only

8. Management of placental edema primarily depends on: 8. प्लेसेंटल एडिमा का प्रबंधन मुख्य रूप से किस पर निर्भर करता है?
A. Underlying cause (e.g., fetal hydrops, infection, maternal disease) and severity of fetal compromise
B. Maternal shoe size
C. Only on maternal age
D. No management is ever required

9. Histopathological correlate of placental edema is most often: 9. प्लेसेंटल एडिमा का हिस्टोपैथोलॉजिकल समकक्ष क्या होता है?
A. Hydropic degeneration of villi / intervillous edema
B. Placental carcinoma always
C. Normal placental vasculature only
D. Complete absence of chorionic villi

10. Key counseling point for parents when placental edema is identified is: 10. प्लेसेंटल एडिमा पहचान में आने पर माता‑पिता के लिए प्रमुख परामर्श क्या है?
A. Prognosis depends on the underlying cause and presence/absence of fetal hydrops; close follow‑up and targeted testing are recommended
B. It guarantees a normal outcome and no follow‑up is needed
C. Immediate termination is always required
D. Only maternal dietary changes can fix it