Fetal Skull Shape during TIFA
Definition: Evaluation of the contour and proportions of the fetal skull in axial, sagittal, and coronal planes during the anomaly scan (TIFA).
Normal Shape: The fetal skull typically appears oval and symmetrical with smooth, regular outlines. The biparietal diameter and head circumference are used for biometric assessment.
Abnormal Variants:
- Dolichocephaly: Elongated skull, often due to breech position or oligohydramnios.
- Brachycephaly: Shortened, widened skull, may be seen in chromosomal abnormalities (e.g., trisomy 21).
- Lemon-shaped skull: Indentation of frontal bones, associated with open neural tube defects (spina bifida).
- Cloverleaf skull: Trilobed appearance, linked with skeletal dysplasias.
- Strawberry-shaped skull: Flattened occiput with pointed frontal bones, sometimes associated with trisomy 18.
Clinical Relevance: Skull shape assessment aids in detecting craniosynostosis, chromosomal anomalies, and neural tube defects.
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