Acrania

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Figer-1

📄 Report Sample Line- Acrania (During First Trimester / NT Screening)
Absence of calvarial bones with disorganized brain tissue consistent with acrania, noted on gray scale imaging. Findings suggest a lethal neural tube defect.


Conclussion: 📋 Features are consistent with acrania (A lethal neural tube defect)
Recommendation: Early referral to a fetal medicine specialist is advised.
Recommend detailed follow-up anomaly scan and genetic counseling.

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Note: Select English to answer in English, या हिंदी चुनें तो प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में दीजिए।

1. What is acrania? 1. एक्रेनिया क्या है?
A. A severe cranial vault defect where the fetal skull bones are absent but cerebral tissue may be present (often progresses to exencephaly/anencephaly)
B. A form of limb shortening
C. An abdominal wall defect
D. A placental abnormality

2. Acrania is most reliably detected on ultrasound during which period? 2. एक्रेनिया को अल्ट्रासाउंड पर किस अवधि में सबसे भरोसेमंद तरीके से पाया जाता है?
A. First-trimester and early second-trimester anatomy scans (commonly seen by 11–14 weeks)
B. Only in the third trimester
C. Only postnatally
D. Never on ultrasound

3. Sonographic features suggestive of acrania include: 3. एक्रेनिया का संकेत देने वाले सोनोग्राफिक लक्षण कौन से हैं?
A. Absence of the cranial bones with disorganized or present brain tissue floating within the amniotic fluid; increased intracranial echogenicity
B. Isolated echogenic bowel only
C. Only femur shortening
D. Only placental lakes

4. Acrania often progresses to which condition later in pregnancy? 4. गर्भावस्था के बाद के चरणों में एक्रेनिया अक्सर किस स्थिति में बदल जाता है?
A. Exencephaly or anencephaly due to degeneration of exposed brain tissue
B. Gastroschisis
C. Clubfoot
D. Omphalocele

5. Which maternal serum marker is often elevated in open cranial vault defects like acrania? 5. एक्रेनिया जैसे खुले क्रैनीअल वाल्ट दोषों में अक्सर कौन सा मातृ सीरम मार्कर बढ़ा हुआ होता है?
A. Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
B. Maternal hemoglobin only
C. Maternal cholesterol only
D. Maternal platelet count only

6. Best next steps when acrania is suspected on ultrasound include: 6. अल्ट्रासाउंड पर जब एक्रेनिया का संदेह हो तो सबसे अच्छा अगला कदम क्या है?
A. Confirm with targeted ultrasound, offer fetal MRI if needed, discuss prognosis and management options, and offer genetic counseling/testing
B. Immediate cesarean scheduling without discussion
C. No follow-up required
D. Only maternal diet change

7. Acrania is classified as a type of which broader category? 7. एक्रेनिया को किस व्यापक श्रेणी के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया जाता है?
A. Neural tube/cranial vault closure defect (related to open neural tube defects)
B. Limb reduction defect only
C. Cardiac defect
D. Placental tumor

8. Prenatal counseling for acrania should include which points? 8. एक्रेनिया के लिए गर्भपूर्व परामर्श में किन बातों को शामिल किया जाना चाहिए?
A. Explain poor prognosis (usually incompatible with long-term survival), discuss diagnostic options, offer psychological support and discuss recurrence prevention (folic acid)
B. Reassure that nothing is wrong
C. Recommend immediate fetal surgery in all cases
D. Only advise maternal exercise

9. Differential diagnoses to consider on imaging include: 9. इमेजिंग पर विचार करने के लिए विभेदीय निदान में क्या शामिल है?
A. Severe microcephaly with skull defect, large cephalocele, or technical artefact — fetal MRI helps differentiate
B. Gastroschisis only
C. Clubfoot only
D. Omphalocele only

10. If parents decline invasive testing, recommended follow-up often includes: 10. यदि माता-पिता आक्रामक परीक्षण अस्वीकार कर देते हैं, तो प्रायः सुझाया गया अनुवर्ती क्या शामिल होता है?
A. Detailed anatomic ultrasound, consider fetal MRI, offer non-invasive prenatal testing (cfDNA) if appropriate, and continued counseling
B. No further imaging
C. Immediate delivery without planning
D. Maternal surgery