Left and right parasagittal planes of fetal Upper extremities

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Following the initial approach with the axial-oblique planes and for more detailed evaluation of the extremities, we recommend tilting the transducer from the midsagittal plane to left and right parasagittal planes to visualize the left and right arms and legs.

Section Structure

1. 1- Foot
2. 2- Lower leg
3. 3- Upper leg

Once the lower extremity is demonstrated in the parasagittal oblique plane the transducer is slightly rotated and the image magnified to display the foot and toes as shown here. This approach allows for the anatomic assessment of the lower leg, foot, and toes.

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Note: Select English to answer in English, या हिंदी चुनें तो प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में दीजिए।

1. What is the parasagittal plane of the fetal upper extremity best used to visualize? 1. भ्रूणीय ऊपरी अंग के पैरा-सैजिटल प्लेन का उपयोग सबसे अच्छा किसे देखने के लिए होता है?
A. Longitudinal view of humerus, radius/ulna continuity and soft-tissue contour
B. Only the fetal abdomen
C. Placental cord insertion
D. Maternal uterine artery flow

2. Key landmarks on parasagittal upper limb view include: 2. पैरा-सैजिटल ऊपरी अंग व्यू में मुख्य लैंडमार्क कौन से हैं?
A. Humeral shaft continuity, joint outlines (shoulder/elbow), and overlying soft tissues
B. Fetal urinary bladder only
C. Only placental lakes
D. Maternal spine

3. Which abnormality is well assessed on parasagittal views of the upper extremity? 3. ऊपरी अंग के पैरा-सैजिटल व्यू पर कौन सी असामान्यता अच्छी तरह आंकी जा सकती है?
A. Long-bone fractures, focal shortening (phocomelia), angulation or soft-tissue limb defects
B. Fetal renal agenesis only
C. Placenta previa only
D. Maternal ovarian cyst

4. How does probe orientation differ for left vs right parasagittal upper limb imaging? 4. बायां और दायां पैरा-सैजिटल ऊपरी अंग इमेजिंग के लिए प्रोब की अभिविन्यास कैसे भिन्न होती है?
A. Probe tilt and transducer position are adjusted to follow the longitudinal axis of the limb — mirror technique applied for opposite side
B. No adjustment needed between sides
C. Always use transverse abdomen preset
D. Only maternal breathing matters

5. What complementary views are useful with parasagittal limb scans? 5. पैरा-सैजिटल लिम्ब स्कैन के साथ कौन से पूरक व्यू उपयोगी होते हैं?
A. Transverse and coronal limb views to evaluate cross-sectional bone shape and joint relationships
B. Only maternal pelvic coronal
C. Placental grading only
D. Maternal thyroid scan

6. Which measurement can be obtained reliably in a parasagittal upper limb view? 6. पैरा-सैजिटल ऊपरी अंग व्यू में कौन सा माप विश्वसनीय रूप से लिया जा सकता है?
A. Long bone length (humerus) and assessment of diaphyseal continuity
B. Only head circumference
C. Amniotic fluid only
D. Fetal placental surface area

7. What technical challenge is commonly encountered when imaging fetal upper limbs parasagittally? 7. पैरा-सैजिटल तरीके से भ्रूणीय ऊपरी अंग की इमेजिंग में आमतौर पर कौन सी तकनीकी चुनौती आती है?
A. Fetal movement or flexed limb position causing incomplete visualization — requires patience and repeated attempts
B. Only maternal glucose levels
C. Maternal age
D. Always perfect imaging

8. If a limb abnormality is suspected, what next step is appropriate? 8. यदि अंग में असामान्यता का संदेह हो, तो अगला उपयुक्त कदम क्या है?
A. Obtain orthogonal views (transverse/coronal), document measurements, consider targeted fetal anatomy scan and genetic counselling
B. Immediate maternal surgery
C. No documentation required
D. Only repeat maternal blood pressure

9. How should findings of unilateral limb shortening be reported? 9. एकतरफा अंग की छोटाई के निष्कर्षों को कैसे रिपोर्ट किया जाना चाहिए?
A. Report which limb (left/right), measured lengths, comparison with normal reference for gestation, associated anomalies and recommendation for follow-up
B. Report only fetal sex
C. Always call it normal
D. Report only maternal age

10. Which prenatal condition may mimic limb defects on parasagittal imaging (false positive)? 10. पैरा-सैजिटल इमेजिंग पर कौन सी गर्भकालीन स्थिति अंग दोषों की नक्कल कर सकती है (झूठा सकारात्मक)?
A. Transient fetal flexion, acoustic shadowing, or suboptimal angle of insonation — repeat and alternate planes help
B. Only maternal fever
C. Always true defect
D. Only placenta previa