Polydactyly


Figer-1

ЁЯУД Report Sample Line- Polydactyly (During First Trimester / NT Screening)
Shows extra digit(s) visualized on the fetal hand/foot (specify: preaxial/postaxial, unilateral/bilateral) during detailed limb evaluation. Sonographic findings are consistent with polydactyly.


Conclussion: ЁЯУЛ Sonographic findings are consistent with Polydactyly
Recommendation: Follow-up 4D scan.


Bilingual Quiz - Fetal Pleural Effusion

Note: Select English to answer in English, рдпा рд╣िंрджी рдЪुрдиें рддो рдк्рд░рд╢्рдиों рдХे рдЙрдд्рддрд░ рд╣िंрджी рдоें рджीрдЬिрдП।

1. What is fetal pleural effusion (hydrothorax)? 1. рдлेрдЯрд▓ рдк्рд▓्рдпूрд░рд▓ рдЗрдл्рдпूрдЬ़рди (рд╣ाрдЗрдб्рд░ोрдеोрд░ेрдХ्рд╕) рдХ्рдпा рд╣ै?
A. Accumulation of fluid in the fetal pleural cavity
B. Fluid in the maternal pleural space
C. Fluid in the fetal peritoneal cavity only
D. Normal amniotic fluid
2. Common ultrasound appearance of a pleural effusion is: 2. рдк्рд▓्рдпूрд░рд▓ рдЗрдл्рдпूрдЬ़рди рдХा рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдп рдЕрд▓्рдЯ्рд░ाрд╕ाрдЙंрдб рд░ूрдк рдХ्рдпा рд╣ै?
A. Anechoic fluid collection separating lung from chest wall with lung compression
B. Increased femur length only
C. Echogenic bowel only
D. Normal heart size always
3. Pleural effusions in the fetus may be unilateral or bilateral and are commonly associated with: 3. рдн्рд░ूрдг рдоें рдк्рд▓्рдпूрд░рд▓ рдЗрдл्рдпूрдЬ़рди рдПрдХрддрд░рдлा рдпा рдж्рд╡िрдкрдХ्рд╖ीрдп рд╣ो рд╕рдХрддा рд╣ै рдФрд░ рдЖрдорддौрд░ рдкрд░ рдХिрд╕рд╕े рдЬुрдб़ा рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै?
A. Fetal hydrops, infection, pulmonary malformations, or lymphatic abnormalities
B. Maternal smoking only
C. Placenta previa only
D. Always twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
4. Which associated finding suggests severe disease and poorer prognosis? 4. рдХौрди рд╕ी рдЬुрдб़ी рд╣ुрдИ рдЦोрдЬ рдЧंрднीрд░ рдмीрдоाрд░ी рдФрд░ рдЦрд░ाрдм рдкूрд░्рд╡ाрдиुрдоाрди рдХा рд╕ंрдХेрдд рджेрддी рд╣ै?
A. Associated fetal hydrops (ascites, skin edema, pericardial effusion)
B. Isolated small unilateral effusion with normal lungs
C. Increased femur length only
D. Maternal age <20 years alone
5. Which antenatal intervention can be used for large symptomatic pleural effusions? 5. рдмрдб़े рд▓рдХ्рд╖рдгाрдд्рдордХ рдк्рд▓्рдпूрд░рд▓ рдЗрдл्рдпूрдЬ़рди рдХे рд▓िрдП рдХौрди рд╕ा рдЧрд░्рднрдХाрд▓ीрди рд╣рд╕्рддрдХ्рд╖ेрдк рдЙрдкрдпोрдЧ рдХिрдпा рдЬा рд╕рдХрддा рд╣ै?
A. Thoracoamniotic shunt placement or ultrasound-guided thoracocentesis
B. Maternal antibiotics only
C. Immediate cesarean at 24 weeks always
D. No intervention is ever possible
6. Which investigation helps evaluate infectious causes of fetal pleural effusion? 6. рдн्рд░ूрдг рдоें рдк्рд▓्рдпूрд░рд▓ рдЗрдл्рдпूрдЬ़рди рдХे рд╕ंрдХ्рд░ाрдордХ рдХाрд░рдгों рдХा рдоूрд▓्рдпांрдХрди рдХрд░рдиे рдоें рдХौрди рд╕ी рдЬाँрдЪ рдорджрдж рдХрд░рддी рд╣ै?
A. Maternal serology for TORCH infections and targeted PCRs (eg parvovirus B19)
B. Fetal chest X-ray
C. Maternal liver function only
D. Hair analysis
7. Prognosis for isolated small pleural effusion detected antenatally is usually: 7. рдЧрд░्рднрдХाрд▓ рдоें рдкрддा рдЪрд▓े рдЕрд▓рдЧ рдЫोрдЯे рдк्рд▓्рдпूрд░рд▓ рдЗрдл्рдпूрдЬ़рди рдХे рд▓िрдП рдкूрд░्рд╡ाрдЧ्рд░рд╣ рд╕ाрдоाрди्рдпрддः рдХैрд╕ा рд╣ोрддा рд╣ै?
A. Often good—may resolve spontaneously with conservative monitoring
B. Always poor and incompatible with life
C. Always requires immediate fetal surgery
D. Guarantees long-term lung agenesis
8. Which sonographic feature differentiates pleural effusion from congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM)? 8. рдХौрди рд╕ा рд╕ोрдиोрдЧ्рд░ाрдлिрдХ рд▓рдХ्рд╖рдг рдк्рд▓्рдпूрд░рд▓ рдЗрдл्рдпूрдЬ़рди рдХो рдЬрди्рдордЬाрдд рдкрд▓्рдоोрдирд░ी рдПрдпрд░рд╡े рдоाрд▓рдлॉрд░्рдоेрд╢рди (CPAM) рд╕े рдЕрд▓рдЧ рдХрд░рддा рд╣ै?
A. Anechoic fluid layer in the pleural space (effusion) vs solid/cystic intraparenchymal mass (CPAM)
B. Both are always identical on ultrasound
C. CPAM only occurs postnatally
D. Pleural effusion shows increased bone density
9. Which associated fetal sign suggests respiratory compromise after birth? 9. рдЬрди्рдо рдХे рдмाрдж рд╢्рд╡рд╕рди рд╕ंрдХрдЯ рдХा рд╕ंрдХेрдд рджेрдиे рд╡ाрд▓ा рдХौрди рд╕ा рдЬुрдб़ा рд╣ुрдЖ рдн्рд░ूрдгीрдп рд╕ंрдХेрдд рд╣ै?
A. Severe lung compression and mediastinal shift on prenatal scan
B. Increased femur length only
C. Placental calcification only
D. Maternal tachycardia
10. Postnatal management of neonate with antenatal pleural effusion may include: 10. рдЧрд░्рднрдХाрд▓ीрди рдк्рд▓्рдпूрд░рд▓ рдЗрдл्рдпूрдЬ़рди рд╡ाрд▓े рдирд╡рдЬाрдд рд╢िрд╢ु рдХा рдк्рд░рд╕рд╡ोрдд्рддрд░ рдк्рд░рдмंрдзрди рдХ्рдпा рд╢ाрдоिрд▓ рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддा рд╣ै?
A. Respiratory support, chest tube drainage if significant, and evaluation for underlying cause
B. Immediate discharge without observation
C. Maternal antibiotics only
D. No neonatal care required

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