Hepatic artery Doppler anatomy ultrasoundDoppler ultrasound of the hepatic artery is a crucial component of hepatobiliary imaging, especially in liver transplant evaluation, liver tumors, or portal hypertension. Here's a guide to the anatomy, technique, and Doppler interpretation:Anatomy of the Hepatic Artery (HA) on Ultrasound 1. Origin and Course
The common hepatic artery (CHA) arises from the celiac trunk.
It gives rise to:
Gastroduodenal artery (GDA)
Proper hepatic artery (PHA) → divides into right and left hepatic arteries.
The right hepatic artery (RHA) often runs posterior to the common bile duct and anterior to the portal vein (in the portal triad).
2. Portal Triad on Ultrasound
Portal vein: Largest and most posterior (echogenic walls)
Hepatic artery: Small and pulsatile (anterior and medial)
Common bile duct (CBD): Thin-walled and anechoic (anterior and lateral)
Doppler Ultrasound Technique Preparation
Patient fasting 6–8 hours for better visualization.
Use a curved array transducer (3–5 MHz) or high-frequency linear probe (for transplant or detailed studies).
Scanning Approach
Begin at the porta hepatis, identify the portal vein, then locate the hepatic artery.
Use color Doppler to confirm pulsatile arterial flow.
Apply spectral Doppler to evaluate flow velocity and waveform.
Parameter
Normal Value / Characteristic
Waveform
Low-resistance monophasic
Systolic Peak Velocity (PSV)
~30–100 cm/s
Diastolic Flow
Continuous, forward
Resistive Index (RI)
0.55–0.80
Clinical Applications Liver Transplant Evaluation
Assess patency of the hepatic artery.
Detect hepatic artery thrombosis, stenosis, or pseudoaneurysm.
Portal Hypertension: Evaluate for arterioportal shunting or altered flow. Liver Tumors:Tumor vascularity, arterialization of lesions (e.g., HCC). Tips for Better Imaging
Use power Doppler for slow/low-volume flow.
Adjust PRF and gain for optimal waveform clarity.
Apply angle correction (< 60°) for accurate velocity measurement.
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