Left and right parasagittal planes of fetal Upper extremities

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Once the upper extremity is demonstrated in the parasagittal oblique plane the transducer is slightly rotated and the image magnified to display the hand and fingers as shown here. This approach allows for the anatomic assessment of the lower arm, hand, and fingers. out a single umbilical artery, which can be associated with other fetal malformations.

Section Structure

Parasagittal oblique plane demonstrating the three segments of an upper extremity:

1. Upper arm
2. Lower arm
3. Hand with fingers

The hands with fingers are often better seen in the first trimester than later on in gestation.

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Note: Choose language and side. Images are example placeholders — replace with your ultrasound images later.

Parasagittal Planes — Left & Right (Fetal Upper Extremities)

Left Parasagittal — example

[Left upper limb ultrasound image placeholder]

Caption: Longitudinal view of humerus & soft tissues (Left)

Right Parasagittal — example

[Right upper limb ultrasound image placeholder]

Caption: Longitudinal view of humerus & soft tissues (Right)

1. The parasagittal plane of the fetal upper extremity is best for visualizing: 1. भ्रूणीय ऊपरी अंग का पैरा-सैजिटल प्लेन सबसे अच्छा किसे देखने के लिए है?
A. Longitudinal continuity of humerus, radius/ulna and overlying soft tissue
B. Only fetal abdomen
C. Placental insertion
D. Maternal aorta

Explanation: Parasagittal views follow the long axis of the limb and best show bone continuity and soft-tissue contour.

2. Which landmark confirms correct parasagittal orientation? 2. कौन सा लैंडमार्क सही पैरा-सैजिटल अभिविन्यास की पुष्टि करता है?
A. Continuous linear echogenic cortex of the diaphysis with visible joint outline
B. Only fetal stomach
C. Umbilical cord only
D. Maternal pelvis

Explanation: A continuous cortex and identifiable joints indicate an aligned longitudinal plane.

3. Left vs right imaging difference is primarily achieved by: 3. बाएं और दाएं इमेजिंग में मुख्य अंतर किससे प्राप्त होता है?
A. Mirror positioning of transducer and minor rotational tilt to follow limb axis
B. Changing to obstetric preset only
C. Maternal breathing pattern
D. No difference

Explanation: The sonographer mirrors probe approach on the contralateral side to obtain equivalent views.

4. Which finding on parasagittal view suggests a limb fracture? 4. पैरा-सैजिटल व्यू में कौन सा लक्षण अंग के फ्रैक्चर का संकेत देता है?
A. Cortical discontinuity or angulation with surrounding soft-tissue swelling
B. Only increased AFI
C. Placental calcification
D. Maternal uterine fibroid

Explanation: Direct visualization of cortical break or sharp angulation supports fracture diagnosis.

5. Best complementary plane with parasagittal is: 5. पैरा-सैजिटल के साथ सबसे अच्छा पूरक प्लेन कौन सा है?
A. Transverse and coronal views to evaluate cross-sectional and joint relationships
B. Maternal abdominal view only
C. Fetal head sagittal only
D. None

Explanation: Orthogonal planes corroborate bone shape, alignment and joint status.

6. When documenting left-sided abnormality, report should include: 6. बायीं ओर की असामान्यता का दस्तावेजीकरण करते समय रिपोर्ट में क्या शामिल करना चाहिए?
A. Side (left), measurements, displacement/angulation and suggested follow-up
B. Only maternal age
C. Only fetal sex
D. Nothing

Explanation: Clear documentation of laterality and measurements is essential for management and follow-up.

7. Technical challenge common to parasagittal scans: 7. पैरा-सैजिटल स्कैन में सामान्य तकनीकी चुनौती क्या है?
A. Fetal movement and limb flexion causing incomplete view — repeat and patience needed
B. Only maternal blood sugar
C. Always perfect imaging
D. Only fetal heartbeat

Explanation: Motion and position often require repeated attempts and slight probe adjustments.

8. How to label saved images for clarity? 8. स्पष्टता के लिए सहेजी गई छवियों को कैसे लेबल करें?
A. Include side (L/R), plane (parasagittal), anatomical level and measurement markers
B. No label
C. Only date
D. Only time

Explanation: Descriptive labels prevent confusion and help comparisons during follow-up or multidisciplinary review.

9. Which measurement is reliable in parasagittal limb view? 9. पैरा-सैजिटल लिम्ब व्यू में कौन सा माप विश्वसनीय है?
A. Long-bone length (humerus) if image is along long axis
B. Head circumference only
C. Placental thickness only
D. Maternal height

Explanation: Accurate long-axis imaging yields reliable humeral length measurements when aligned correctly.

10. If a suspected abnormality is found on left parasagittal view, next step: 10. यदि बायें पैरा-सैजिटल व्यू पर संशयास्पद असामान्यता मिलती है, तो अगला कदम क्या है?
A. Obtain orthogonal views, compare contralateral side and consider referral for tertiary scan/MRI
B. Immediate surgery
C. Ignore it
D. Only repeat maternal blood tests

Explanation: Confirmation with multiple planes and contralateral comparison reduces false positives and guides management.