Clubfoot

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Figer-1

📄 Report Sample Line- Clubfoot (During First Trimester / NT Screening)
Abnormal positioning of the fetal foot noted with persistent inward rotation and plantar flexion of the foot toward the tibia, consistent with unilateral/bilateral clubfoot. Long-axis views confirm fixed abnormal alignment.


Conclussion: 📋 Sonographic findings are consistent with clubfoot (talipes equinovarus).
Recommendation: Follow up fetal MRI.

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Note: Select English to answer in English, या हिंदी चुनें तो प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में दीजिए।

1. What is congenital clubfoot (talipes equinovarus)? 1. जन्मजात क्लबहूट (टैलिपेस इक्विनोवारस) क्या है?
A. A congenital foot deformity characterized by forefoot adduction, hindfoot varus, cavus and equinus
B. A fracture of the tibia
C. A congenital hand deformity
D. Excessive foot length

2. Clubfoot detected on prenatal ultrasound is most commonly: 2. गर्भकालीन अल्ट्रासाउंड पर पाए जाने वाला क्लबहूट सबसे अधिकतः किस प्रकार का होता है?
A. Isolated unilateral or bilateral structural clubfoot
B. Always due to limb amputation
C. Normal variant with no deformity
D. Always associated with neural tube defect

3. Which sonographic sign suggests fetal clubfoot? 3. कौन सा सोनोग्राफिक संकेत भ्रूणीय क्लबहूट का सुझाव देता है?
A. Persistent abnormal plantar/foot position with inward rotation of the foot on multiple scans
B. Increased femur length only
C. Polyhydramnios only
D. Absence of fetal foot

4. Which of the following is a common associated anomaly with non-isolated clubfoot? 4. असम्प्रदायिक क्लबहूट के साथ किस सामान्य जुड़ी हुई अनोमली हो सकती है?
A. Genetic syndromes (eg arthrogryposis, chromosomal anomalies) or neural tube defects
B. Only maternal hypertension
C. Always twin-to-twin transfusion
D. Never associated with other anomalies

5. Best prenatal workup when clubfoot is suspected on ultrasound? 5. जब अल्ट्रासाउंड पर क्लबहूट का संदेह हो तो सर्वश्रेष्ठ गर्भकालीन वर्कअप क्या है?
A. Detailed anatomic scan, fetal movement assessment, targeted scan for other anomalies and offer genetic counseling/testing if non-isolated
B. Immediate termination without further tests
C. Maternal bed rest only
D. No follow-up required

6. Postnatal first-line treatment for idiopathic clubfoot is: 6. अनैक्रिटिक क्लबहूट के लिए प्रसवोत्तर पहले पंक्ति का इलाज क्या है?
A. Ponseti method (serial manipulation and casting, followed by Achilles tenotomy if needed and bracing)
B. Immediate open corrective surgery in all cases
C. No treatment ever
D. External fixation only

7. Which prenatal factor raises suspicion for syndromic (non-idiopathic) clubfoot? 7. किस गर्भकालीन कारक से सिण्ड्रोमिक (नॉन-इडियोपैथिक) क्लबहूट का संदेह बढ़ता है?
A. Multiple congenital anomalies or decreased fetal movements on scan
B. Maternal caffeine intake only
C. Large fetal weight only
D. Always maternal infection

8. Prenatal detection rate of clubfoot by ultrasound is influenced most by: 8. गर्भकालीन अल्ट्रासाउंड द्वारा क्लबहूट का पता लगाने की दर सबसे अधिक किन बातों से प्रभावित होती है?
A. Gestational age, fetal position, operator experience and quality of equipment
B. Maternal eye color
C. Time of day only
D. None of the above

9. Which statement about prognosis is true for isolated idiopathic clubfoot treated by Ponseti? 9. पॉनसेटी द्वारा इलाज किए गए अलग-थलग अनैक्रिटिक क्लबहूट के लिए कौन सा वाक्यांश सत्य है?
A. Excellent functional outcomes are expected in most cases with early and correct treatment
B. Always results in lifelong disability despite treatment
C. Surgery is always required and Ponseti is ineffective
D. No effective treatments exist

10. When should parents be referred for multidisciplinary counseling after prenatal diagnosis of clubfoot? 10. गर्भकालीन निदान के बाद माता-पिता को कब बहु-विषयक परामर्श के लिए संदर्भित किया जाना चाहिए?
A. Early after diagnosis to discuss prognosis, need for postnatal treatment, and genetic evaluation if non-isolated
B. Never—information should be withheld until after birth
C. Only if parents ask for it at 40 weeks
D. After treatment is completed