Spina Bifida

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Figer-1

📄 Report Sample Line- Spina bifida (During First Trimester / NT Screening)
shows an open neural tube defect (spina bifida) noted in the lumbosacral region, with splaying of posterior ossification centers.


Conclussion: 📋 Findings suggest a spina bifida.
Recommendation: Follow-up with detailed fetal anomaly scan, fetal echocardiography, and multidisciplinary evaluation is advised

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Note: Select English to answer in English, या हिंदी चुनें तो प्रश्नों के उत्तर हिंदी में दीजिए।

1. What is spina bifida? 1. स्पाइना बिफिडा क्या है?
A. A neural tube defect where the vertebral arches fail to fuse, sometimes with meninges/cord herniation
B. A congenital heart defect
C. A placental abnormality
D. An isolated limb deformity

2. The most severe form of spina bifida with external sac containing neural tissue is called: 2. बाहरी थैली के साथ न्यूरल ऊतक वाला स्पाइना बिफिडा का सबसे गंभीर रूप क्या कहलाता है?
A. Myelomeningocele
B. Meningocele only
C. Spinal lipoma
D. Clubfoot

3. Prenatal ultrasound signs suggestive of open spina bifida include: 3. खुले स्पाइना बिफिडा का संकेत देने वाले गर्भकालीन अल्ट्रासाउंड संकेत कौन से हैं?
A. Lemon sign (depressed frontal bones), banana sign (abnormal cerebellar shape) and visualization of a spinal defect
B. Increased femur length only
C. Isolated echogenic bowel only
D. Enlarged placenta only

4. Which antenatal investigation is useful for screening open neural tube defects? 4. खुले न्यूरल ट्यूब दोषों की स्क्रीनिंग के लिए कौन सी गर्भकालीन जाँच उपयोगी है?
A. Elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and targeted ultrasound
B. Maternal ECG
C. Routine chest X-ray
D. Maternal urine culture only

5. Common associated brain abnormality with open spina bifida is: 5. खुले स्पाइना बिफिडा के साथ आमतौर पर जुड़ा हुआ मस्तिष्कीय असामान्य क्या है?
A. Chiari II malformation with hindbrain herniation
B. Isolated hydrocele
C. Clubfoot only
D. Placental insufficiency only

6. Optimal prenatal imaging to evaluate a suspected spinal defect is: 6. संदिग्ध स्पाइनल दोष का मूल्यांकन करने के लिए उपयुक्त गर्भकालीन इमेजिंग क्या है?
A. Targeted high-resolution ultrasound and fetal MRI when available
B. Maternal CT scan
C. Fetal X-ray only
D. No imaging needed

7. Prenatal interventions for myelomeningocele that may improve outcomes include: 7. मायेलोमेनोंसिले के लिए गर्भकालीन हस्तक्षेप जिन्हें परिणाम बेहतर करने का दावा है उनमें क्या शामिल है?
A. In utero surgical repair in selected cases (fetal surgery) to reduce hindbrain herniation and improve motor outcomes
B. Maternal antibiotics only
C. Immediate delivery at 20 weeks in all cases
D. No possible interventions

8. Key counselling points for parents after prenatal diagnosis include: 8. गर्भकालीन निदान के बाद माता-पिता को सलाह देने के मुख्य बिंदु क्या हैं?
A. Discuss spectrum of severity, potential neurologic outcomes, need for neonatal neurosurgical care, and available fetal/postnatal interventions
B. Advise no follow-up and reassure everything will be normal without care
C. Recommend immediate maternal bed rest only
D. Provide only genetic testing results

9. Postnatal management of myelomeningocele typically requires: 9. मायेलोमेनोंसिले का प्रसवोपरांत प्रबंधन सामान्यतः क्या आवश्यक होता है?
A. Prompt neurosurgical closure, assessment for hydrocephalus (ventriculoperitoneal shunt if needed) and multidisciplinary care
B. No interventions ever
C. Immediate heart surgery only
D. Maternal antibiotics only

10. Prevention strategies for neural tube defects include: 10. न्यूरल ट्यूब दोषों के निवारण रणनीतियों में क्या शामिल है?
A. Periconceptional folic acid supplementation and appropriate antenatal care
B. Maternal high caffeine only
C. No known prevention
D. Maternal bedrest only