UNIT – I Basic concepts and Basic Units, Heat and Acoustics Question of
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UNIT – I:Basic concepts and Basic Units, Heat and Acoustics
MCQ with explanation.
MCQ 1: Which of the following is a fundamental SI unit?
A. Liter
B. Celsius
C. Meter
D. Calorie Correct Answer: C. Meter Explanation: The meter is the SI unit of length and is considered one of the seven fundamental SI units.
UNIT – I Basic concepts and Basic Units, Heat and Acoustics Question of
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UNIT – I:Basic concepts and Basic Units, Heat and Acoustics
MCQ with explanation.
MCQ 1: Which of the following is a fundamental SI unit?
A. Liter
B. Celsius
C. Meter
D. Calorie Correct Answer: C. Meter Explanation: The meter is the SI unit of length and is considered one of the seven fundamental SI units.
MCQ 2: What is the SI unit of force?
A. Joule
B. Newton
C. Watt
D. Pascal Correct Answer: B. Newton Explanation: The SI unit of force is the newton (N), defined as the force required to accelerate 1 kg of mass at 1 m/s².
MCQ 3: Which instrument is used to measure temperature?
A. Barometer
B. Thermometer
C. Calorimeter
D. Ammeter Correct Answer: B. Thermometer Explanation: A thermometer is used to measure temperature.
MCQ 4: Which temperature scale has absolute zero as 0?
A. Celsius
B. Fahrenheit
C. Kelvin
D. Rankine Correct Answer: C. Kelvin Explanation: The Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero, which is 0 K.
MCQ 5: Heat transfer by direct contact is called:
A. Convection
B. Radiation
C. Conduction
D. Fusion Correct Answer: C. Conduction Explanation: Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between molecules.
MCQ 6: Which of the following is a unit of energy?
A. Newton
B. Watt
C. Joule
D. Ampere Correct Answer: C. Joule Explanation: Joule is the SI unit of energy.
MCQ 7: According to Einstein’s mass-energy relation, energy is equal to:
A. mc
B. mc²
C. m/c²
D. c/m Correct Answer: B. mc² Explanation: Einstein's famous equation is E = mc², where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light.
MCQ 8: The SI unit of power is:
A. Watt
B. Joule
C. Newton
D. Coulomb Correct Answer: A. Watt Explanation: Power is the rate of doing work and its SI unit is the watt.
MCQ 9: Sound travels fastest in:
A. Air
B. Water
C. Vacuum
D. Steel Correct Answer: D. Steel Explanation: Sound travels fastest in solids like steel due to close particle arrangement.
MCQ 10: Which of the following is NOT a property of sound?
A. Frequency
B. Amplitude
C. Transparency
D. Wavelength Correct Answer: C. Transparency Explanation: Transparency is an optical property, not a property of sound waves.
MCQ 11: What is the basic unit of electric current in SI?
A. Volt
B. Ohm
C. Ampere
D. Watt Correct Answer: C. Ampere Explanation: The ampere is the SI unit of electric current.
MCQ 12: Magnetic fields are produced by:
A. Static charges
B. Moving charges
C. Neutrons
D. Photons Correct Answer: B. Moving charges Explanation: Magnetic fields are produced when electric charges are in motion.
MCQ 13: Electromagnetic waves do not require a __________ to propagate.
A. Medium
B. Source
C. Frequency
D. Speed Correct Answer: A. Medium Explanation: Unlike mechanical waves, EM waves can travel through a vacuum.
MCQ 14: The nucleus of an atom contains:
A. Only electrons
B. Protons and neutrons
C. Only neutrons
D. Only protons Correct Answer: B. Protons and neutrons Explanation: The atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.
MCQ 15: Which of the following determines the chemical properties of an element?
A. Atomic mass
B. Number of neutrons
C. Number of electrons
D. Atomic number Correct Answer: D. Atomic number Explanation: The atomic number determines the number of protons/electrons, which define chemical behavior.
MCQ 16: Electrons occupy fixed energy levels called:
A. Orbitals
B. Shells
C. Molecules
D. Ions Correct Answer: B. Shells Explanation: Electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed orbits or shells with specific energy.
MCQ 17: Elements in the periodic table are arranged based on:
A. Atomic weight
B. Alphabetical order
C. Atomic number
D. Mass number Correct Answer: C. Atomic number Explanation: Modern periodic tables are arranged in increasing order of atomic number.
MCQ 18: Isotopes are atoms with:
A. Same mass number, different atomic number
B. Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
C. Same number of electrons and protons
D. Different chemical properties Correct Answer: B. Same number of protons, different number of neutrons Explanation: Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to varying neutrons.
MCQ 19: Which process results in the removal of an electron from an atom?
A. Excitation
B. Ionization
C. Fusion
D. Fission Correct Answer: B. Ionization Explanation: Ionization is the process where an atom loses or gains an electron.
MCQ 20: Which term describes the process of an electron absorbing energy and moving to a higher energy level?
A. Ionization
B. Excitation
C. Combustion
D. Neutralization Correct Answer: B. Excitation Explanation: Excitation occurs when an electron absorbs energy and jumps to a higher energy state.
1.4 Classification and Growth Requirements of Bacteria
1.5 Microscopy
Principles of Microscopes
Types and Uses of Microscopes
1.6 Sterilization and Disinfection
1.7 Viruses - General Properties
Herpes Virus
Poliovirus
Hepatitis Virus
Oncogenic Virus
UNIT – I Microbiology Question of
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UNIT – I: Microbiology
MCQ with explanation.
MCQ 1: Who is known as the "Father of Microbiology"?
A. Edward Jenner
B. Robert Koch
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Alexander Fleming Correct Answer: C. Louis Pasteur Explanation: Louis Pasteur is known as the "Father of Microbiology" for his pioneering work in germ theory and fermentation.
MCQ 2: Robert Koch is best known for discovering the causative agent of:
A. Cholera
B. Tuberculosis
C. Rabies
D. Influenza Correct Answer: B. Tuberculosis Explanation: Robert Koch identified Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the cause of tuberculosis.
MCQ 3: Which of the following is NOT a shape of bacteria?
A. Cocci
B. Bacilli
C. Spirilla
D. Amoeboid Correct Answer: D. Amoeboid Explanation: Amoeboid shape is not typical for bacteria; it's a shape of protozoa like Amoeba.
MCQ 4: Which bacterial structure is responsible for motility?
A. Capsule
B. Pili
C. Flagella
D. Ribosomes Correct Answer: C. Flagella Explanation: Flagella are tail-like structures that help bacteria move.
MCQ 5: Bacteria that require oxygen for growth are called:
A. Anaerobic
B. Facultative anaerobes
C. Aerobic
D. Microaerophilic Correct Answer: C. Aerobic Explanation: Aerobic bacteria need oxygen to grow and survive.
MCQ 6: What is the purpose of a Gram stain in microbiology?
A. To count bacteria
B. To differentiate bacteria based on cell wall structure
C. To kill bacteria
D. To measure bacterial growth rate Correct Answer: B. To differentiate bacteria based on cell wall structure Explanation: Gram staining classifies bacteria as Gram-positive or Gram-negative based on peptidoglycan content.
MCQ 7: Which microscope uses ultraviolet light and fluorescence?
A. Compound microscope
B. Electron microscope
C. Phase-contrast microscope
D. Fluorescence microscope Correct Answer: D. Fluorescence microscope Explanation: A fluorescence microscope uses UV light to excite fluorochromes in the specimen.
MCQ 8: Which type of microscope has the highest resolution?
A. Light microscope
B. Compound microscope
C. Electron microscope
D. Dissecting microscope Correct Answer: C. Electron microscope Explanation: Electron microscopes provide the highest resolution among available microscopes.
MCQ 9: Which method is used for sterilization of heat-sensitive liquids?
A. Incineration
B. Autoclaving
C. Filtration
D. Dry heat Correct Answer: C. Filtration Explanation: Filtration is used to sterilize heat-sensitive solutions by removing microbes physically.
MCQ 10: Which disinfectant is commonly used in hospitals?
A. Ethanol
B. Phenol
C. Glutaraldehyde
D. Chlorine Correct Answer: C. Glutaraldehyde Explanation: Glutaraldehyde is a high-level disinfectant often used for medical equipment.
MCQ 11: Viruses are considered:
A. Eukaryotic organisms
B. Prokaryotic organisms
C. Non-living outside host cells
D. Capable of independent reproduction Correct Answer: C. Non-living outside host cells Explanation: Viruses require a host cell to replicate and are inactive outside it.
MCQ 12: What genetic material do viruses contain?
A. Only DNA
B. Only RNA
C. DNA or RNA
D. Both DNA and RNA simultaneously Correct Answer: C. DNA or RNA Explanation: Viruses can have either DNA or RNA, but not both.
MCQ 13: Which virus causes cold sores?
A. Poliovirus
B. Herpes simplex virus
C. Hepatitis B virus
D. Influenza virus Correct Answer: B. Herpes simplex virus Explanation: Herpes simplex virus type 1 typically causes cold sores.
MCQ 14: Poliovirus primarily affects which system of the human body?
A. Digestive
B. Respiratory
C. Nervous
D. Circulatory Correct Answer: C. Nervous Explanation: Poliovirus attacks motor neurons, causing paralysis.
MCQ 15: Which hepatitis virus is most commonly transmitted through contaminated water?
A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis C
D. Hepatitis D Correct Answer: A. Hepatitis A Explanation: Hepatitis A is commonly spread through the fecal-oral route via contaminated food or water.
MCQ 16: Oncogenic viruses are known to:
A. Cause cancer
B. Attack red blood cells
C. Induce fever only
D. Kill nerve cells Correct Answer: A. Cause cancer Explanation: Oncogenic viruses, such as HPV, can integrate into host DNA and cause cancer.
MCQ 17: What is the main component of a bacterial cell wall?
A. Cellulose
B. Peptidoglycan
C. Chitin
D. Lipids Correct Answer: B. Peptidoglycan Explanation: Peptidoglycan provides strength and rigidity to bacterial cell walls.
MCQ 18: Bacterial growth can be measured by:
A. Height
B. Optical density
C. Viscosity
D. pH Correct Answer: B. Optical density Explanation: Spectrophotometers measure optical density to estimate bacterial population in a culture.
MCQ 19: The term “sterilization” means:
A. Killing all viruses only
B. Removal of pathogens
C. Complete destruction of all forms of microbial life
D. Reducing microbes to a safe level Correct Answer: C. Complete destruction of all forms of microbial life Explanation: Sterilization eliminates all living organisms including spores.
MCQ 20: Which of the following scientists disproved spontaneous generation with his swan-neck flask experiment?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Joseph Lister
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Correct Answer: C. Louis Pasteur Explanation: Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment demonstrated that microbes come from other microbes, not spontaneous generation.
