Basic concepts and Basic Units, Heat and Acoustics (BVRMIT-103 Fundamentals of Radiology and Imaging)

Basic concepts and Basic Units, Heat and Acoustics

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UNIT 1: Basic Concepts
Table of Contents

• 1.1 Introduction to Basic Concepts
  • Basic Units
  • SI Units of Common Parameters
  • Units and Measurements
• 1.2 Heat and Temperature
  • Temperature Scales
  • Heat Transfer
  • SI Units of Heat and Temperature
• 1.3 Acoustics
• 1.4 Work, Power, Force, and Energy
  • Definitions and SI Units
  • Einstein’s Mass-Energy Relation (E = mc²)
• 1.5 Electricity and Magnetism
  • Basics of Electricity
  • Magnetic Fields and Effects
  • Electromagnetic Waves
• 1.6 Atomic Structure
  • Atom and Nucleus
  • Atomic Number & Mass Number
  • Electron Orbits and Energy Levels
• 1.7 Periodic Table
  • Classification of Elements
  • Isotopes, Isobars
  • Ionization and Excitation

 

UNIT – I Basic concepts and Basic Units, Heat and Acoustics  Question of

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UNIT – I:Basic concepts and Basic Units, Heat and Acoustics

MCQ with explanation.

MCQ 1: Which of the following is a fundamental SI unit?
A. Liter
B. Celsius
C. Meter
D. Calorie
Correct Answer: C. Meter
Explanation: The meter is the SI unit of length and is considered one of the seven fundamental SI units.

MCQ 2: What is the SI unit of force?
A. Joule
B. Newton
C. Watt
D. Pascal
Correct Answer: B. Newton
Explanation: The SI unit of force is the newton (N), defined as the force required to accelerate 1 kg of mass at 1 m/s².

MCQ 3: Which instrument is used to measure temperature?
A. Barometer
B. Thermometer
C. Calorimeter
D. Ammeter
Correct Answer: B. Thermometer
Explanation: A thermometer is used to measure temperature.

MCQ 4: Which temperature scale has absolute zero as 0?
A. Celsius
B. Fahrenheit
C. Kelvin
D. Rankine
Correct Answer: C. Kelvin
Explanation: The Kelvin scale starts from absolute zero, which is 0 K.

MCQ 5: Heat transfer by direct contact is called:
A. Convection
B. Radiation
C. Conduction
D. Fusion
Correct Answer: C. Conduction
Explanation: Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between molecules.

MCQ 6: Which of the following is a unit of energy?
A. Newton
B. Watt
C. Joule
D. Ampere
Correct Answer: C. Joule
Explanation: Joule is the SI unit of energy.

MCQ 7: According to Einstein’s mass-energy relation, energy is equal to:
A. mc
B. mc²
C. m/c²
D. c/m
Correct Answer: B. mc²
Explanation: Einstein's famous equation is E = mc², where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light.

MCQ 8: The SI unit of power is:
A. Watt
B. Joule
C. Newton
D. Coulomb
Correct Answer: A. Watt
Explanation: Power is the rate of doing work and its SI unit is the watt.

MCQ 9: Sound travels fastest in:
A. Air
B. Water
C. Vacuum
D. Steel
Correct Answer: D. Steel
Explanation: Sound travels fastest in solids like steel due to close particle arrangement.

MCQ 10: Which of the following is NOT a property of sound?
A. Frequency
B. Amplitude
C. Transparency
D. Wavelength
Correct Answer: C. Transparency
Explanation: Transparency is an optical property, not a property of sound waves.

MCQ 11: What is the basic unit of electric current in SI?
A. Volt
B. Ohm
C. Ampere
D. Watt
Correct Answer: C. Ampere
Explanation: The ampere is the SI unit of electric current.

MCQ 12: Magnetic fields are produced by:
A. Static charges
B. Moving charges
C. Neutrons
D. Photons
Correct Answer: B. Moving charges
Explanation: Magnetic fields are produced when electric charges are in motion.

MCQ 13: Electromagnetic waves do not require a __________ to propagate.
A. Medium
B. Source
C. Frequency
D. Speed
Correct Answer: A. Medium
Explanation: Unlike mechanical waves, EM waves can travel through a vacuum.

MCQ 14: The nucleus of an atom contains:
A. Only electrons
B. Protons and neutrons
C. Only neutrons
D. Only protons
Correct Answer: B. Protons and neutrons
Explanation: The atomic nucleus is made up of protons and neutrons.

MCQ 15: Which of the following determines the chemical properties of an element?
A. Atomic mass
B. Number of neutrons
C. Number of electrons
D. Atomic number
Correct Answer: D. Atomic number
Explanation: The atomic number determines the number of protons/electrons, which define chemical behavior.

MCQ 16: Electrons occupy fixed energy levels called:
A. Orbitals
B. Shells
C. Molecules
D. Ions
Correct Answer: B. Shells
Explanation: Electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed orbits or shells with specific energy.

MCQ 17: Elements in the periodic table are arranged based on:
A. Atomic weight
B. Alphabetical order
C. Atomic number
D. Mass number
Correct Answer: C. Atomic number
Explanation: Modern periodic tables are arranged in increasing order of atomic number.

MCQ 18: Isotopes are atoms with:
A. Same mass number, different atomic number
B. Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
C. Same number of electrons and protons
D. Different chemical properties
Correct Answer: B. Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
Explanation: Isotopes have the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to varying neutrons.

MCQ 19: Which process results in the removal of an electron from an atom?
A. Excitation
B. Ionization
C. Fusion
D. Fission
Correct Answer: B. Ionization
Explanation: Ionization is the process where an atom loses or gains an electron.

MCQ 20: Which term describes the process of an electron absorbing energy and moving to a higher energy level?
A. Ionization
B. Excitation
C. Combustion
D. Neutralization
Correct Answer: B. Excitation
Explanation: Excitation occurs when an electron absorbs energy and jumps to a higher energy state.