Diagnostic sonography

Diagnostic sonography

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Basic Principles of Ultrasound

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Abdominal Ultrasound

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Pelvic Ultrasound (GYN)

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Obstetric (Fetal) Ultrasound

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Urology & Male Pelvis

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Breast Ultrasound

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Thyroid & Neck Ultrasound

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Musculoskeletal (MSK) Ultrasound

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Vascular Ultrasound

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Pediatric & Neonatal Ultrasound

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Emergency & Critical Care (POCUS)

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Ocular Ultrasound

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Interventional Ultrasound

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Local USG

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Sonographic Classified Reporting System (SCRS)

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1. Basic Principles of Ultrasound

1.1 Ultrasound Physics & Instrumentation

Basic Principles of Ultrasound Physics

Sound Wave Propagation

Piezoelectric Effect in Transducers

Transducer Types & Their Applications

Pulse Echo Principle

Beam Formation & Focusing

Impedance Matching

Resolution in Ultrasound Imaging

Artifacts and Their Causes

Instrumentation & Equipment Setup

1.2 Ultrasound Modalities: A, B, M, Doppler, Color Flow

A-Mode (Amplitude Mode)

B-Mode (Brightness Mode)

M-Mode (Motion Mode)

Doppler Ultrasound

Color Flow Doppler

1.3 Transducers & Frequency Selection

Types of Transducers

Frequency Selection

Matching Transducer to Exam

Clinical Considerations

1.4 Image Orientation

Transducer Indicator (Notch or Groove)

Anatomical Planes in Ultrasound

Probe Positions

1.5 Artifacts

Reverberation Artifacts

Shadowing and Enhancement

Mirror Image Artifact

Refraction Artifact

Side Lobe and Grating Lobe Artifacts

Speed Displacement Artifact

Range Ambiguity Artifact

Aliasing (Doppler Artifact)

1.6 Bioeffects (Safety & ALARA, Thermal Index)

1.7 Basics of Elastography (Strain, Shear Wave)

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1.8 Basics of Contrast Ultrasound (CEUS agents, Indications)

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2. Abdominal Ultrasound

2.1 Liver

2.2 Gallbladder & Biliary System

2.3 Pancreas

2.4 Spleen

2.5 Kidneys (Cysts, Hydronephrosis, Stones)

2.6 Adrenal Glands

2.7 Urinary Bladder

2.8 Abdominal Aorta & IVC

2.9 Appendix

2.10 Bowel Loops

2.11 Peritoneum and Retroperitoneum

2.12 Free Fluid/Ascites

2.13 CEUS for Liver Tumors (HCC, Hemangioma)

2.15 CEUS for Renal Masses & Perfusion

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3. Pelvic Ultrasound (GYN)

3.1 Uterus

3.2 Adnexa and ovary

3.3 Vagina

3.4 Menstrual Cycle Evaluation

3.5 Postmenopausal Uterus (Postmenopausal Bleeding)

3.6 Transvaginal Sonography

3.7 Doppler for Ovarian Torsion, Corpus Luteum

3.8 Elastography for Fibroids vs Adenomyosis

3.9 CEUS for Ovarian Lesions

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4. Obstetric (Fetal) Ultrasound

4.1 Basics of fetal ultrasound and deyond

• Obstetric and fetal ultrasound abbreviations
• Introduction of fetal sonography
• Physiological changes during pregnancy

4.2 First Trimester

Normal first trimester ultrasound survey

• Early first trimester structure (Less than10w 06)
• Late first trimester structure (11w to 13w 6d)
Dating and Viablity Of first trimester
• Early first trimester
• Late first trimester detailed examination
Worrisome Finding in First Trimester
NT screening
4.3 Second & Third Trimester
Dating & Viability
Documentation
Fetal Weight & Growth Percentile
Congenital Anomaly Scan (TIFA)
Doppler: Umbilical, MCA, Uterine, CPR
Fetal Wellbeing: BPP
Placenta
Amniotic Fluid
Umbilical Cord, and Membranes
4.4 Fetal malformation
Central Nervous System
Face
Neck
Neural Tube Defects
Cardiac Anomalies
The Thorax
Gastrointestinal Abnormalities
Genitourinary Abnormalities
Genetic Abnormalities and Syndromes
Skeletal Dysplasia
Hydrops
Congenital Infections
4.6 Multiple Gestation
4.7 Imaging of the Uterine Cervix
4.8 Biochemical Screening for Neural Tube Defect and Aneuploidy Detection
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5. Breast Ultrasound

5.1 Breast Anatomy

5.2 BIRADS Classification

5.3 Elastography for Fibroadenoma vs Carcinoma

5.5 CEUS for Malignant Vascular Patterns

5.6 Axillary Lymph Nodes

5.7 Others finding

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6. Thyroid & Neck Ultrasound

6.1 Thyroid & Neck US Anatomy

6.2 Lymph Node Assessment

6.3 Salivary Glands (Parotid, Submandibular)

6.4 TIRADS Classification

6.5 Parathyroid Evaluation (Adenoma, Cyst)

6.6 Elastography for Thyroid Nodule Malignancy Risk

6.7 CEUS for Nodule Vascularity Assessment

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7. Musculoskeletal (MSK) Ultrasound

7.1 Joints

7.2 Musculoskeletal

7.3 Limb Dopler

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8. Vascular Ultrasound

8.1 Carotid Arteries

8.2 Upper & Lower Limb Arteries

8.3 Abdominal Aorta

8.4 Renal Artery Doppler

8.5 Portal Vein Doppler

8.6 IVC Collapsibility

8.7 CEUS for Endoleaks, Plaque Neovascularity

8.8 Penile dopler

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9. Urology & Male Pelvis

9.1 Prostate

9.2 Urinary Bladder

9.3 Scrotum & Testes

9.4 Penis

9.5 Seminal Vesicles

9.6 Elastography for Prostate Stiffness

9.7 CEUS for Cancer Localization

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10. Pediatric & Neonatal Ultrasound

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11. Emergency & Critical Care (POCUS)

11.1 FAST & eFAST (Trauma Assessment)

11.2 Lung Ultrasound (B-lines, Pneumothorax, Effusion)

11.3 Cardiac POCUS (TAPSE, EF Estimate)

11.4 IVC for Volume Status

11.5 DVT Screening

11.6 Gallbladder, Kidney, Bladder in ER

11.7 Ectopic Pregnancy

11.8 CEUS in Trauma (Liver/Splenic Injury)

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12. Ocular Ultrasound

12.1 Noormal ocular ultrasound antomy

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12.2 Abnormal ultrasound findings

Globe Rupture

Retinal Detachment

Vitreous Hemorrhage

Lens Dislocation

Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter (ONSD)

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13. Interventional Ultrasound

13.1 US-Guided FNAC

13.2 US-Guided Drainage

13.3 US-Guided Biopsy (Liver, Prostate, Breast, Thyroid)

13.4 Joint Injection

13.5 Abscess Aspiration

13.6 Central Line Insertion

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14. Miscellaneous

14.1 Hernias

14.2 Soft Tissue Masses

14.3 Diaphragmatic Motion

14.4 Subcutaneous Swellings

14.5 Lymph Nodes

14.6 Elastography for Superficial Lesions

14.7 CEUS for Lymph Node Vascularity

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