Abdominal Ultrasound Abbreviations

Abdominal Ultrasound Abbreviations

General Abbreviations

AbbreviationMeaning
USUltrasound
ABD USAbdominal Ultrasound
RUQ USRight Upper Quadrant Ultrasound
LUQ USLeft Upper Quadrant Ultrasound
RLQ USRight Lower Quadrant Ultrasound
LLQ USLeft Lower Quadrant Ultrasound
FASTFocused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma
POCUSPoint-of-Care Ultrasound
TUSTransabdominal Ultrasound
TVUSTransvaginal Ultrasound
RUSRenal Ultrasound

Organ-Specific Abbreviations

AbbreviationMeaning
GBGallbladder
CBDCommon Bile Duct
CHDCommon Hepatic Duct
IHBDIntrahepatic Bile Ducts
PVPortal Vein
HVHepatic Veins
IVCInferior Vena Cava
AoAorta
SMASuperior Mesenteric Artery
SMVSuperior Mesenteric Vein
LK / RKLeft Kidney / Right Kidney
SPSpleen
PANCPancreas
APPAppendix
BLDBladder
UTDUrinary Tract Dilation
PVRPost-Void Residual

Findings & Clinical Terms

AbbreviationMeaning
HCCHepatocellular Carcinoma
HSMHepatosplenomegaly
CHoleCholelithiasis (Gallstones)
CholecysCholecystitis
CBD DCommon Bile Duct Dilatation
HPHepatomegaly
SPNLSplenomegaly
AscitesAbdominal Fluid
CystCystic Structure
SOLSpace-Occupying Lesion
NMLNormal
HETHeterogeneous
HYPO / HYPEHypoechoic / Hyperechoic
CACarcinoma
DxDiagnosis
FUFollow-Up

Ultrasound Modes & Techniques

AbbreviationMeaning
B-modeBrightness Mode
CINECine Loop
DopplerDoppler Ultrasound
CDUSColor Doppler Ultrasound
PWPulsed Wave Doppler
M-modeMotion Mode
D-modeDuplex Mode
2D / 3D / 4D2/3/4 Dimensional Imaging

Abdominal Ultrasound Terms and Definitions

Term Definition
Ultrasound (US)Imaging technique using high-frequency sound waves to visualize internal organs.
Abdominal Ultrasound (ABD US)Imaging of abdominal organs such as liver, kidneys, pancreas, and bladder.
RUQ / LUQ / RLQ / LLQ USUltrasound focused on specific abdominal quadrants to evaluate pain or masses.
FASTEmergency ultrasound exam to detect internal bleeding or free fluid in trauma patients.
POCUSPortable or bedside ultrasound used for quick diagnosis by clinicians.
Transabdominal / Transvaginal UltrasoundExternal (TUS) or internal (TVUS) imaging approaches for pelvic/abdominal organs.
Renal Ultrasound (RUS)Imaging focused on kidneys and urinary system.
Gallbladder (GB)Organ that stores bile; commonly checked for stones or inflammation.
Common Bile Duct (CBD)Pathway for bile from liver/gallbladder to intestine.
Portal Vein (PV)Main vein carrying nutrient-rich blood from intestines to liver.
Aorta (Ao)Largest artery in the body; supplies blood from the heart to lower regions.
Spleen (SP)Organ involved in immune response and red blood cell recycling.
Pancreas (PANC)Produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.
Appendix (APP)Small pouch near the colon; often imaged in suspected appendicitis.
Bladder (BLD)Stores urine; evaluated for residual urine or abnormalities.
HCCPrimary liver cancer originating from hepatocytes.
HSMSimultaneous enlargement of liver and spleen.
Cholelithiasis (CHole)Presence of stones in the gallbladder.
CholecystitisInflammation of the gallbladder, often from gallstones.
AscitesFree fluid in the abdominal cavity, often due to liver disease.
CystFluid-filled structure that may be benign or pathologic.
SOLMass that displaces normal tissue, may indicate a tumor.
NMLNo abnormalities noted in the scan.
HETUneven texture or appearance in an organ, suggesting possible pathology.
HYPO / HYPEHypoechoic = darker (often fluid or soft tissue); Hyperechoic = brighter (fat, calcification).
B-modeStandard grayscale imaging used in most ultrasound scans.
Color Doppler / Pulsed WaveTechniques to visualize and measure blood flow.
CINELoop playback of a sequence of ultrasound images.
M-modeImaging that captures motion over time, often used in cardiac or fetal assessments.
3D/4D ImagingAdvanced visualization adding depth (3D) or motion (4D) to ultrasound.

Abdominal sonography US report sample

ULTRASOUND REPORT – UPPER ABDOMEN

Patient Name: [--]

Age/Sex: -- Years / Male

Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


[Sonography of the upper Abdomen]
Real time B-mode ultrasonography of abdomen done.
Rout: Trans abdominal.
Findings
Liver:
  • Size: Normal / Enlarged – [___ cm in midclavicular line]
  • Contour: Smooth / Irregular
  • Echotexture: Homogeneous / Coarse / Hyperechoic (Fatty infiltration)
  • Focal Lesions: None / [Specify cyst, hemangioma, etc.]
  • Intrahepatic Biliary Ducts: Not dilated
  • Portal Vein: Normal in diameter and flow
  • Gall bladder:
  • Shape & Wall: Normal / Thickened / Distended
  • Lumen Contents: Anechoic / Sludge / Calculi (size ___ mm)
  • Murphy’s Sign: Negative / Positive (if clinically relevant)
  • Biliary Tree:
  • Common Bile Duct (CBD): Normal / Dilated – [___ mm]
  • No evidence of obstruction or stones in biliary tree
  • Pancreas:Normal in size and echotexture. No focal mass or calcification. Main pancreatic duct not dilated.
    Spleen:
  • Size: Normal – [___ cm craniocaudal length]
  • Parenchyma: Homogeneous echotexture
  • No focal lesions or splenomegaly
  • Right kidney:Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, Parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limit. No back pressure or hydronephrosis is note. No masses, cyst or stone is seen.
    Left kidney:Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, Parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limit. No back pressure or hydronephrosis is note. No masses, cyst or stone is seen.
    Abdominal aorta:
  • Caliber: Normal – [___ mm]
  • No aneurysmal dilatation or mural thrombus noted


  • Impression:

    • Normal ultrasound examination of the abdomen with no significant findings.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – UPPER ABDOMEN

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Female

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Sonography of the upper Abdomen]
    Real time B-mode ultrasonography of abdomen done.
    Rout: Trans abdominal.
    Findings
    Liver:
  • Size: Normal / Enlarged – [___ cm in midclavicular line]
  • Contour: Smooth / Irregular
  • Echotexture: Homogeneous / Coarse / Hyperechoic (Fatty infiltration)
  • Focal Lesions: None / [Specify cyst, hemangioma, etc.]
  • Intrahepatic Biliary Ducts: Not dilated
  • Portal Vein: Normal in diameter and flow
  • Gall bladder:
  • Shape & Wall: Normal / Thickened / Distended
  • Lumen Contents: Anechoic / Sludge / Calculi (size ___ mm)
  • Murphy’s Sign: Negative / Positive (if clinically relevant)
  • Biliary Tree:
  • Common Bile Duct (CBD): Normal / Dilated – [___ mm]
  • No evidence of obstruction or stones in biliary tree
  • Pancreas:Normal in size and echotexture. No focal mass or calcification. Main pancreatic duct not dilated.
    Spleen:
  • Size: Normal – [___ cm craniocaudal length]
  • Parenchyma: Homogeneous echotexture
  • No focal lesions or splenomegaly
  • Right kidney:Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, Parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limit. No back pressure or hydronephrosis is note. No masses, cyst or stone is seen.
    Left kidney:Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, Parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limit. No back pressure or hydronephrosis is note. No masses, cyst or stone is seen.
    Abdominal aorta:
  • Caliber: Normal – [___ mm]
  • No aneurysmal dilatation or mural thrombus noted


  • Impression:

    • Normal ultrasound examination of the abdomen with no significant findings.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – ABDOMEN & PELVIS

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Male

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Sonography of the Abdomen and Pelvis]
    Real-time B-mode ultrasonography of the upper abdomen and pelvis was performed.
    Route: Transabdominal.
    Findings
    Liver:
  • Size: Normal / Enlarged – [___ cm in midclavicular line]
  • Contour: Smooth / Irregular
  • Echotexture: Homogeneous / Coarse / Hyperechoic (Fatty infiltration)
  • Focal Lesions: None / [Specify cyst, hemangioma, etc.]
  • Intrahepatic Biliary Ducts: Not dilated
  • Portal Vein: Normal in diameter and flow
  • Gall Bladder:
  • Shape & Wall: Normal / Thickened / Distended
  • Lumen Contents: Anechoic / Sludge / Calculi (size ___ mm)
  • Murphy’s Sign: Negative / Positive
  • Biliary Tree:
  • Common Bile Duct (CBD): Normal / Dilated – [___ mm]
  • No evidence of obstruction or stones in biliary tree
  • Pancreas: Normal in size and echotexture. No focal mass or calcification. Main pancreatic duct not dilated.

    Spleen:
  • Size: Normal – [___ cm craniocaudal length]
  • Parenchyma: Homogeneous echotexture
  • No focal lesions or splenomegaly
  • Right Kidney: Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limits. No back pressure or hydronephrosis noted. No masses, cysts, or stones seen.
    Left Kidney: Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limits. No back pressure or hydronephrosis noted. No masses, cysts, or stones seen.
    Abdominal Aorta:
  • Caliber: Normal – [___ mm]
  • No aneurysmal dilatation or mural thrombus noted
  • Urinary Bladder:
  • Wall: Normal thickness
  • Lumen: Anechoic. No calculi or masses seen
  • Post-void residual: [___ ml], if assessed
  • Prostate:
  • Size: [___ x ___ x ___ mm]; Approx. Volume: [___ cc]
  • Shape and Echotexture: Normal / Mildly enlarged / Heterogeneous
  • No focal lesions or calcifications

  • Impression:

    • Normal sonographic study of the abdomen and pelvis.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – ABDOMEN & PELVIS

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Female

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Sonography of the Abdomen and Pelvis]
    Real-time B-mode ultrasonography of the upper abdomen and pelvis was performed.
    Route: Transabdominal.
    Findings
    Liver:
  • Size: Normal / Enlarged – [___ cm in midclavicular line]
  • Contour: Smooth / Irregular
  • Echotexture: Homogeneous / Coarse / Hyperechoic (Fatty infiltration)
  • Focal Lesions: None / [Specify cyst, hemangioma, etc.]
  • Intrahepatic Biliary Ducts: Not dilated
  • Portal Vein: Normal in diameter and flow
  • Gall Bladder:
  • Shape & Wall: Normal / Thickened / Distended
  • Lumen Contents: Anechoic / Sludge / Calculi (size ___ mm)
  • Murphy’s Sign: Negative / Positive
  • Biliary Tree:
  • Common Bile Duct (CBD): Normal / Dilated – [___ mm]
  • No evidence of obstruction or stones in biliary tree
  • Pancreas: Normal in size and echotexture. No focal mass or calcification. Main pancreatic duct not dilated.

    Spleen:
  • Size: Normal – [___ cm craniocaudal length]
  • Parenchyma: Homogeneous echotexture
  • No focal lesions or splenomegaly
  • Right Kidney: Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limits. No back pressure or hydronephrosis noted. No masses, cysts, or stones seen.
    Left Kidney: Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limits. No back pressure or hydronephrosis noted. No masses, cysts, or stones seen.
    Abdominal Aorta:
  • Caliber: Normal – [___ mm]
  • No aneurysmal dilatation or mural thrombus noted
  • Urinary Bladder:
  • Wall: Normal thickness
  • Lumen: Anechoic. No calculi or masses seen
  • Post-void residual: [___ ml], if assessed
  • Uterus:The uterus is normal in size and shape, measuring [--x--x-- mm]. The endometrial lining normal. Myometrial thickness within normal limit. No fibroids or masses are identified.
    Ovaries:
  • Right Ovary: [___ x ___ mm]; Normal volume; No cysts/masses
  • Left Ovary: [___ x ___ mm]; Normal volume; No cysts/masses
  • No adnexal masses or free fluid in pouch of Douglas

  • Impression:

    • Normal sonographic study of the abdomen and pelvis.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder)

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Male

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Sonography of the KUB Region]
    Real-time B-mode ultrasonography of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder was performed.
    Route: Transabdominal.
    Findings
    Right Kidney: Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limits. No back pressure or hydronephrosis noted. No masses, cysts, or stones seen.
    Left Kidney: Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limits. No back pressure or hydronephrosis noted. No masses, cysts, or stones seen.
    Ureters:
  • Visualized segments are not dilated
  • No evidence of obstruction or calculi
  • Urinary Bladder:
  • Wall: Normal thickness (~3 mm when full)
  • Lumen: Anechoic, no internal echoes or masses
  • Post-void residual urine: [___ ml], if assessed
  • Prostate:
  • Size: [___ x ___ x ___ mm]; Approx. Volume: [___ cc]
  • Echotexture: Normal / Mildly enlarged / Heterogeneous
  • No focal lesions or calcifications

  • Impression:

    • Normal sonographic study of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and prostate.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – KUB (Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder)

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Female

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Sonography of the KUB Region]
    Real-time B-mode ultrasonography of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder was performed.
    Route: Transabdominal.
    Findings
    Right Kidney: Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limits. No back pressure or hydronephrosis noted. No masses, cysts, or stones seen.
    Left Kidney: Position & Size: Normal – [--x--x-- mm]. Well maintained CMD, parenchymal thickness and echo texture within normal limits. No back pressure or hydronephrosis noted. No masses, cysts, or stones seen.
    Ureters:
  • Visualized segments are not dilated
  • No evidence of obstruction or calculi
  • Urinary Bladder:
  • Wall: Normal thickness (~3 mm when full)
  • Lumen: Anechoic, no internal echoes or masses
  • Post-void residual urine: [___ ml], if assessed
  • Uterus/Ovaries (if visualized):
  • Uterus: [Normal / Bulky / Retroverted / Anteverted], Size: [___ x ___ x ___ cm]
  • Ovaries: [Normal / Not well visualized]; Follicles noted if applicable

  • Impression:

    • Normal sonographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – MALE LOWER ABDOMEN (Pelvis)

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Male

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Sonography of the Pelvic / Lower Abdominal Region]
    Real-time transabdominal ultrasonography of the lower abdomen and pelvic organs was performed.
    Route: Transabdominal (with full bladder technique).
    Findings
    Urinary Bladder:
  • Wall: Uniform and regular, thickness ~3 mm when full
  • Lumen: Anechoic, no internal echoes or masses
  • Post-void residual urine: [___ ml], if assessed
  • Prostate Gland:
  • Size: [___ x ___ x ___ cm]; Volume: [__] cc
  • Echotexture: Homogeneous / Mildly heterogeneous
  • No focal lesions or calcifications
  • Median lobe: Not prominent / Prominent (if any)
  • Seminal Vesicles:
  • Visualized and appear normal in size and echotexture
  • No evidence of cysts or dilatation
  • Pelvic Peritoneal Cavity:
  • No free fluid or abnormal mass lesion seen


  • Impression:

    • Normal sonographic evaluation of the urinary bladder, prostate, and seminal vesicles.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – FEMALE LOWER ABDOMEN (Pelvis)

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Female

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Sonography of the Pelvic / Lower Abdominal Region]
    Real-time transabdominal ultrasonography of the lower abdomen and pelvic organs was performed.
    Route: Transabdominal (with full bladder technique).
    Findings

    Urinary Bladder:
  • Wall: Uniform and regular, thickness ~3 mm when full
  • Lumen: Anechoic, no internal echoes or masses
  • Post-void residual urine: [___ ml], if assessed
  • Uterus:The uterus is normal in size and shape, measuring [80x50x40mm-]. The endometrial lining normal. Myometrial thickness within normal limit. No fibroids or masses are identified.
    Ovaries:
  • Right Ovary: [___ x ___ x ___ cm], volume: [__] cc
  • Left Ovary: [___ x ___ x ___ cm], volume: [__] cc
  • Follicular activity present / No cysts / Functional cyst noted
  • Adnexa:
  • No adnexal mass or collection visualized

  • Pouch of Douglas (POD):
  • No free fluid seen


  • Impression:

    • Normal sonographic appearance of uterus, ovaries, and urinary bladder.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – MALE FAST SCAN

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Male

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST)]
    Focused bedside ultrasound examination was performed to assess potential internal bleeding in trauma settings. Views included subxiphoid cardiac, perihepatic (Morison’s pouch), perisplenic, pelvis (pouch of Douglas / rectovesical pouch), and bilateral pleural spaces.
    Findings
    Pericardial View:
  • Subxiphoid view shows no pericardial effusion
  • Right Upper Quadrant (Morison’s Pouch):
  • Liver and right kidney interface shows no free fluid
  • Left Upper Quadrant (Splenorenal):
  • Spleen and left kidney interface shows no free fluid
  • Pelvic View (Rectovesical Pouch):
  • No free fluid noted in the rectovesical pouch
  • Bilateral Pleural Views:
  • No evidence of hemothorax or pleural effusion
  • Urinary Bladder:
  • Well-distended; walls regular and uniform; no internal echoes

  • Impression:

    • No sonographic evidence of free fluid in peritoneal, pelvic, pericardial, or pleural cavities.
    • FAST scan appears negative for internal hemorrhage.

    ULTRASOUND REPORT – FEMALE FAST SCAN

    Patient Name: [--]

    Age/Sex: -- Years / Female

    Referring Physician: Dr. [--]

    Examination Date: [18-July-2025]


    [Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST)]

    Focused bedside ultrasound examination was performed to assess potential internal bleeding in trauma settings. Views included subxiphoid cardiac, perihepatic (Morison’s pouch), perisplenic, pelvis (pouch of Douglas), and bilateral pleural spaces.
    Findings
    Pericardial View:
  • Subxiphoid view shows no pericardial effusion
  • Right Upper Quadrant (Morison’s Pouch):
  • Liver and right kidney interface shows no free fluid
  • Left Upper Quadrant (Splenorenal):
  • Spleen and left kidney interface shows no free fluid
  • Pelvic View (Pouch of Douglas):
  • No free fluid noted in the pouch of Douglas
  • Bilateral Pleural Views:
  • No evidence of hemothorax or pleural effusion
  • Urinary Bladder:
  • Well-distended; walls regular and uniform; no internal echoes

  • Impression:

    • No sonographic evidence of free fluid in peritoneal, pelvic, pericardial, or pleural cavities.
    • FAST scan appears negative for internal hemorrhage.

    Abdominal sonography protocols

    Abdominal Sonography Protocol

    PREPARATION

    Patient Preparation
    Fasting: 6–8 hours (especially for liver/gallbladder).
    Purpose of Fasting
    1. Reduces Bowel Gas:
  • Gas in the stomach and intestines can scatter or block ultrasound waves.
  • Fasting helps to minimize gastrointestinal gas, which improves visibility of deeper structures like the pancreas, aorta, and biliary tree.
  • 2. Ensures Gallbladder Distension:
  • When a person eats, the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is released, causing the gallbladder to contract and expel bile.
  • A contracted gallbladder is more difficult to evaluate, and pathology like sludge or small stones can be missed.
  • Fasting keeps the gallbladder fully distended, making its walls and internal contents easier to assess.
  • 3. Improves Liver and Pancreas Visualization:
  • A fasted state reduces stomach and bowel contents, providing a better acoustic window for organs like the liver, pancreas, and common bile duct.
  • The left lobe of the liver often acts as a sonographic window for the pancreas — this is much more effective when the stomach is empty.
  • 4. Recommended Timing:
  • Minimum: 6 hours.
  • Optimal: 8 hours.
  • Clear liquids (water, black coffee, tea) may be allowed in some protocols, but no food or milk.
  • 5. Exceptions or Modifications:
  • Emergency scans: May proceed without fasting, though image quality may be reduced.
  • Diabetic patients: Require careful scheduling or modified fasting to avoid hypoglycemia.
  • Infants or children: Fasting time may be shorter (usually 4 hours for infants).

  • Hydration: Full bladder if bladder or pelvic organs are to be assessed.
    Why hydration (full bladder) is important?
    • Acts as an acoustic window: A full bladder pushes bowel loops and gas away, allowing better visualization of pelvic structures.
    • Enhances pelvic imaging: Especially useful for examining the uterus, ovaries, prostate, and bladder wall.
    • Essential for bladder evaluation: Wall thickness, internal masses, and residual urine are assessed more accurately when the bladder is distended.
    How to prepare: Drink 32 oz (about 1 liter) of water 1 hour before the scan and do not urinate until after the procedure.
    Note: Not required for upper abdominal studies (e.g., liver/gallbladder).

    Patient Positioning
    • Primary: Supine.
    • Alternate positions: Left lateral decubitus, erect, oblique as needed.

    Equipment
    • Curvilinear probe: 2–5 MHz (standard).
    • Linear probe: 7–12 MHz (for superficial structures).
    • Adjust gain, depth, focus, and use harmonics as necessary.

    STRUCTURED SCANNING SEQUENCE

    1. Liver
    • Views: Transverse and sagittal, subcostal, intercostal if needed.
    • Assess for:
      • Size and contour.
      • Echotexture and echogenicity.
      • Intrahepatic ducts and vasculature.
      • Masses, cysts, abscesses, or fatty infiltration.

    2. Gallbladder & Biliary Tree
    • Views: Longitudinal and transverse; patient may need to be upright or LLD.
    • Assess for:
      • Gallstones, sludge.
      • Wall thickening (>3 mm = abnormal).
      • Pericholecystic fluid.
      • CBD size (<6 mm normal; <10 mm post-cholecystectomy).

    3. Pancreas
    • Views: Transverse epigastric, using liver/stomach as window.
    • Assess for:
      • Shape, size, margins, echotexture.
      • Ductal dilatation.
      • Masses, cysts, pseudocysts.

    4. Spleen
    • Views: Longitudinal and transverse via left flank.
    • Assess for:
      • Size and shape.
      • Echotexture.
      • Masses, trauma (hematomas), infarcts.

    5. Kidney
    • Views: Longitudinal and transverse.
    • Assess for:
      • Size, shape, cortical thickness.
      • Corticomedullary differentiation.
      • Hydronephrosis, stones, cysts.
      • Perirenal fluid.

    6. Abdominal Aorta & IVC
    • Views: Longitudinal and transverse.
    • Aorta:
      • Measure diameter (normal <3 cm).
      • Look for aneurysms or dissection.
    • IVC:
      • Assess collapsibility and patency.

    7. Urinary Bladder
    • Only if full.
    • Views: Transverse and longitudinal.
    • Assess for:
      • Wall thickness (<5 mm full).
      • Residual urine (post-void).
      • Masses or diverticula.

    8. Pelvic Organs (if applicable)
    • Prostate (in males):
      • Size, echotexture, and masses.
    • Uterus/Ovaries (in females):
      • Uterine size, endometrial stripe.
      • Ovarian volume, follicles, cysts.

    9. Additrional areas (As needed)
    Ascites: Check Morison’s pouch, paracolic gutters, pelvis.
    Lymphadenopathy: Para-aortic, porta hepatis, mesenteric nodes.
    Appendix:
    • Graded compression in RLQ.
    • Diameter >6 mm or non-compressible = suspicious for appendicitis.
    Bowel
    • Dilated loops, wall thickening, free fluid = obstruction/inflammation.

    REPORTING STRUCTURE

    • Indication
    • Technique and patient condition
    • Organ-by-organ findings
    • Measurements (where applicable)
    • Doppler results (if used)
    • Comparison to prior exams
    • Conclusion/Impression
    • Limitations (e.g., due to bowel gas, obesity)
    A comprehensive list of abdominal ultrasound report samples and structured templates for different types of abdominal sonography exams. These templates are formatted professionally and include:
    Report samples
    • Upper Abdomen – Male/Female
    • Whole Abdomen – Male
    • Whole Abdomen – Female (with pelvic organs)
    • KUB - Male
    • KUB - Female
    • Lower abdomen - Male
    • Lower abdomen (Pelvis)- Female
    Structured templates
  • Upper Abdomen – Male/Female
  • Indication: Abdominal pain / RUQ pain / Routine check
    Technique: Real-time ultrasound examination of the upper abdomen was performed using a curvilinear transducer.
    Organs Evaluated:
    Liver
    Gallbladder & biliary tree
    Pancreas
    Spleen
    Kidneys
    Abdominal aorta
    IVC (Inferior vena cava)

  • Whole Abdomen – Male
  • Indication: Abdominal pain / Urinary symptoms / General screening
    Technique: Real-time ultrasound examination of the abdomen and pelvis was performed.
    Organs Evaluated:
    Liver
    Gallbladder and bile ducts
    Pancreas
    Spleen
    Kidneys and urinary bladder
    Abdominal aorta and IVC
    Prostate and seminal vesicles (transabdominal)

  • Whole Abdomen – Female (with pelvic organs)
  • Indication: Lower abdominal pain / Menstrual irregularity / Pelvic evaluation
    Technique: Transabdominal real-time ultrasound of the abdomen and pelvis was performed.
    Organs Evaluated:
    Liver
    gallbladder
    pancreas
    spleen, kidneys
    Urinary bladder
    Uterus and ovaries (pelvis)
    Aorta and IVC

  • KUB - Male
  • Indication: Flank pain / Hematuria / Urinary tract symptoms / Follow-up renal pathology
    Technique:Real-time ultrasound examination of the kidneys, ureters (visualized portions), and urinary bladder was performed using a curvilinear transducer.
    Organs Evaluated:
    Right Kidney,br> Left Kidney
    Urinary Bladder (Prostate, if visible transabdominally)

  • KUB - Female

  • Indication: Flank pain / UTI symptoms / Hematuria / Urinary retention / Evaluation of renal function
    Technique: Real-time ultrasound of the kidneys, visualized ureters, and urinary bladder was performed using a curvilinear transducer.
    Organs Evaluated:
    Right Kidney
    Left Kidney
    Urinary Bladder Ureters (visualized segments)
    Uterus (if visualized incidentally)

  • Lower abdomen - Male
  • Indication:/ Lower abdominal pain Dysuria / urinary retention
    Suspected prostatomegaly
    Hernia / Inguinal swelling
    Infertility / Ejaculatory symptoms
    Technique: Transabdominal ultrasound was performed using a low-frequency curvilinear probe. The urinary bladder was adequately distended. The prostate and seminal vesicles were evaluated transabdominally.
    Organs Evaluated: Urinary Bladder
    Prostate
    Seminal Vesicles
    Inguinal Region
    Pelvic Vessels (if indicated)
    (Rectum – limited view unless specifically targeted)

  • Lower abdomen (Pelvis)- Female
  • Indication:
    Lower abdominal pain
    Dysuria or urinary symptoms
    Menstrual irregularities
    Suspected ovarian pathology
    Follow-up for fibroids/cysts
    Infertility evaluation
    Technique: Transabdominal ultrasound of the pelvis was performed with the urinary bladder adequately distended to serve as an acoustic window. A curvilinear transducer was used.
    Organs Evaluated:
    Urinary Bladder
    Uterus
    Endometrium
    Ovaries (Right and Left)
    Adnexa
    Cul-de-sac (Pouch of Douglas)
    (Inguinal region, if requested)

    TIPS FOR OPTIMAL SCANNING

    • Ask the patient to inhale and hold breath for liver/spleen views.
    • Use harmonics to improve image resolution.
    • Use color Doppler for vessels or questionable masses.
    • Adjust gain/depth continuously for optimal visualization.

    Liver Calcification (Hepatic Calcification-Solitary Calcified Granuloma) Sonography

    Definition — Liver Calcification (Hepatic Calcification) : Deposition of calcium salts within the hepatic parenchyma or within ...

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