UNIT – I: Skeletal System and Joints
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1. Introduction
2. Structure of Skeleton
3. Divisions of the Skeletal System
4. Functions of the Skeletal System
5. Structure, Classification and Functions of Bones
6. Joints and Their Types
7. Muscular System
8. Anatomy & Location of Skeletal Muscles
9. Types of Muscle Tissue
10. Physiology of Muscle Contraction
UNIT – I Skeletal System and Joints Question of
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A. Femur
B. Humerus
C. Sternum
D. Pelvis
Correct Answer: C. Sternum
Explanation: The sternum (breastbone) is part of the axial skeleton, which includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
MCQ 2: Which type of bone cell is responsible for breaking down bone tissue?
A. Osteoblast
B. Osteocyte
C. Osteoclast
D. Chondrocyte
Correct Answer: C. Osteoclast
Explanation: Osteoclasts break down bone tissue during bone resorption and remodeling.
MCQ 3: What is the outer layer of a bone called?
A. Periosteum
B. Endosteum
C. Marrow
D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: A. Periosteum
Explanation: The periosteum is a dense membrane covering the outer surface of bones except at the joints.
MCQ 4: Which of the following is a fibrous joint?
A. Skull suture
B. Knee
C. Shoulder
D. Elbow
Correct Answer: A. Skull suture
Explanation: Skull sutures are immovable fibrous joints found between bones of the skull.
MCQ 5: Which joint type allows rotation around a single axis?
A. Ball and socket
B. Saddle
C. Hinge
D. Pivot
Correct Answer: D. Pivot
Explanation: Pivot joints, such as the joint between the atlas and axis vertebrae, allow rotational movement.
MCQ 6: Which bone protects the brain?
A. Sternum
B. Femur
C. Cranium
D. Scapula
Correct Answer: C. Cranium
Explanation: The cranium (part of the skull) protects the brain.
MCQ 7: What initiates muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Acetylcholine
D. Potassium
Correct Answer: C. Acetylcholine
Explanation: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction to initiate muscle contraction.
MCQ 8: Which connective tissue connects muscles to bones?
A. Ligaments
B. Cartilage
C. Tendons
D. Fascia
Correct Answer: C. Tendons
Explanation: Tendons attach muscles to bones and transmit the force needed for movement.
MCQ 9: Which muscle tissue is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Smooth muscle
C. Cardiac muscle
D. Voluntary muscle
Correct Answer: B. Smooth muscle
Explanation: Smooth muscle is involuntary and found in walls of internal organs such as the stomach and intestines.
MCQ 10: Which protein blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin in a resting muscle?
A. Troponin
B. Tropomyosin
C. Myoglobin
D. Creatine
Correct Answer: B. Tropomyosin
Explanation: Tropomyosin covers the binding sites on actin filaments and prevents muscle contraction when the muscle is at rest.
MCQ 11: Which part of the skeleton includes the limbs?
A. Axial skeleton
B. Appendicular skeleton
C. Vertebral column
D. Skull
Correct Answer: B. Appendicular skeleton
Explanation: The appendicular skeleton includes the bones of the limbs and girdles (shoulder and pelvic).
MCQ 12: Which bone is the longest in the human body?
A. Humerus
B. Tibia
C. Femur
D. Radius
Correct Answer: C. Femur
Explanation: The femur, or thigh bone, is the longest and strongest bone in the human body.
MCQ 13: What type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip?
A. Hinge
B. Ball and socket
C. Pivot
D. Gliding
Correct Answer: B. Ball and socket
Explanation: Ball and socket joints allow movement in multiple directions and are found in the shoulder and hip.
MCQ 14: Which structure stores calcium in a muscle cell?
A. Sarcolemma
B. Myofibril
C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. T-tubule
Correct Answer: C. Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Explanation: The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium ions, which are essential for muscle contraction.
MCQ 15: Which muscle type has striations and is under voluntary control?
A. Smooth
B. Skeletal
C. Cardiac
D. Involuntary
Correct Answer: B. Skeletal
Explanation: Skeletal muscle is striated and controlled voluntarily.
MCQ 16: What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?
A. Myofibril
B. Sarcomere
C. Fascicle
D. Actin
Correct Answer: B. Sarcomere
Explanation: The sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber, composed of actin and myosin filaments.
MCQ 17: What connects two bones at a joint?
A. Tendon
B. Ligament
C. Cartilage
D. Fascia
Correct Answer: B. Ligament
Explanation: Ligaments are fibrous tissues that connect bones at joints and help stabilize them.
MCQ 18: What causes the 'lub-dub' sound in the heart, often confused with muscles?
A. Contraction of muscles
B. Opening of valves
C. Closing of valves
D. Movement of blood
Correct Answer: C. Closing of valves
Explanation: Though related to the cardiovascular system, the heart sound is due to the closing of valves—not muscles.
MCQ 19: Which joint provides the least range of motion?
A. Hinge joint
B. Ball and socket
C. Fibrous joint
D. Gliding joint
Correct Answer: C. Fibrous joint
Explanation: Fibrous joints (like skull sutures) are immovable and provide minimal range of motion.
MCQ 20: Which part of the bone contains red bone marrow?
A. Compact bone
B. Yellow marrow
C. Periosteum
D. Spongy bone
Correct Answer: D. Spongy bone
Explanation: Spongy bone, found at the ends of long bones and inside flat bones, contains red marrow where blood cells are produced.
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