UNIT – III: Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems
| System | Topics Covered |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular System |
|
| Respiratory System |
|
UNIT – III Cardio Vascular System Question of
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A. Produce red blood cells
B. Filter blood
C. Pump blood throughout the body
D. Digest nutrients
Correct Answer: C. Pump blood throughout the body
Explanation: The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the circulatory system.
MCQ 2: Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: A. Right atrium
Explanation: The right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood from the body via the superior and inferior vena cava.
MCQ 3: Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
A. Veins
B. Arteries
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Correct Answer: B. Arteries
Explanation: Arteries are thick-walled blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart (except pulmonary artery).
MCQ 4: Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Pulmonary valve
C. Mitral valve
D. Aortic valve
Correct Answer: C. Mitral valve
Explanation: The mitral (bicuspid) valve ensures one-way blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
MCQ 5: What is the function of the SA node in the heart?
A. Contracts the ventricles
B. Initiates heartbeat
C. Circulates blood
D. Filters blood
Correct Answer: B. Initiates heartbeat
Explanation: The sinoatrial (SA) node is the natural pacemaker of the heart that generates electrical impulses.
MCQ 6: Which part of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: C. Right ventricle
Explanation: The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery toward the lungs.
MCQ 7: What is the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle called?
A. Diastole
B. Systole
C. Resting phase
D. Filtration
Correct Answer: B. Systole
Explanation: Systole is when the heart muscles contract to pump blood into the arteries.
MCQ 8: What causes the 'lub-dub' sounds of the heart?
A. Contraction of myocardium
B. Opening of valves
C. Closure of heart valves
D. Blood turbulence
Correct Answer: C. Closure of heart valves
Explanation: The "lub" is caused by AV valves closing; the "dub" by semilunar valves closing.
MCQ 9: What is the normal blood pressure reading for an adult?
A. 160/100 mmHg
B. 120/80 mmHg
C. 140/90 mmHg
D. 100/60 mmHg
Correct Answer: B. 120/80 mmHg
Explanation: 120/80 mmHg is considered normal for a healthy adult.
MCQ 10: Which blood vessels allow gas and nutrient exchange with tissues?
A. Arteries
B. Veins
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
Correct Answer: C. Capillaries
Explanation: Capillaries are tiny vessels where exchange of oxygen, CO₂, and nutrients occurs.
MCQ 11: What is the main organ of the respiratory system?
A. Trachea
B. Lungs
C. Diaphragm
D. Bronchi
Correct Answer: B. Lungs
Explanation: The lungs are the primary site of gas exchange during respiration.
MCQ 12: What is the primary muscle involved in breathing?
A. Intercostal muscles
B. Diaphragm
C. Rectus abdominis
D. Pectoral muscle
Correct Answer: B. Diaphragm
Explanation: The diaphragm contracts and flattens to expand the chest cavity during inhalation.
MCQ 13: Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
A. Bronchi
B. Bronchioles
C. Alveoli
D. Trachea
Correct Answer: C. Alveoli
Explanation: Alveoli are tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.
MCQ 14: Which brain region regulates breathing?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: C. Medulla oblongata
Explanation: The medulla oblongata controls the rate and depth of respiration.
MCQ 15: What is external respiration?
A. Cellular respiration
B. Breathing in and out
C. Gas exchange between blood and lungs
D. Gas exchange between cells and blood
Correct Answer: C. Gas exchange between blood and lungs
Explanation: External respiration is the exchange of gases between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries.
MCQ 16: What is tidal volume?
A. Maximum inhalation volume
B. Volume after forced expiration
C. Normal breath volume
D. Total lung capacity
Correct Answer: C. Normal breath volume
Explanation: Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing.
MCQ 17: Which structure connects the larynx to the bronchi?
A. Trachea
B. Alveoli
C. Pharynx
D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: A. Trachea
Explanation: The trachea (windpipe) carries air from the larynx to the bronchi.
MCQ 18: What is the role of hemoglobin in respiration?
A. Transport glucose
B. Fight infection
C. Carry oxygen
D. Remove toxins
Correct Answer: C. Carry oxygen
Explanation: Hemoglobin binds with oxygen in red blood cells and transports it to body tissues.
MCQ 19: Which part of the respiratory system prevents food from entering the airway?
A. Uvula
B. Larynx
C. Epiglottis
D. Pharynx
Correct Answer: C. Epiglottis
Explanation: The epiglottis is a flap that covers the larynx during swallowing.
MCQ 20: Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for producing sound?
A. Bronchi
B. Trachea
C. Larynx
D. Pharynx
Correct Answer: C. Larynx
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