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Follicular cyst

Follicular cyst ultrasound case study

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Ovarian Pathology

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Follicular cyst ultrasound case study

Case Study Record

SN	Case Name	Report Line
1	Lt. Ovarian Follicular cyst	View Report Line
2	-	-
3	-	-
4	-	-
5	-	-

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CASE–1
Left Ovarian Follicular Cyst

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Clinical History

A 26-year-old female presented with intermittent lower abdominal pain and menstrual irregularity. Pelvic ultrasound was performed for evaluation of the adnexa.

Ultrasound Findings

Ultrasound examination demonstrates a well-defined thin-walled unilocular anechoic cyst within the left ovary. The cyst demonstrates posterior acoustic enhancement without internal septations, mural nodules, papillary projections, or solid components. Color Doppler demonstrates no internal vascularity. The surrounding ovarian stroma is normal with preserved vascularity. The right ovary appears normal. No adnexal mass or free fluid is identified in the pelvis.

Pelvic ultrasound. Transverse sonographic image demonstrates a 19 × 20 mm simple follicular cyst within the left ovary, appearing as a thin-walled anechoic lesion with posterior acoustic enhancement and no internal solid component or vascularity.

Report Line

A 36 × 32 mm thin-walled unilocular anechoic cyst is identified within the left ovary, demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement without internal septations, mural nodules, papillary projections, or internal vascularity. The appearance is consistent with a simple left ovarian follicular cyst.

Impression

Simple left ovarian follicular cyst.

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Recommendation

Correlate with the patient's menstrual history and clinical symptoms. In premenopausal women, a simple follicular cyst measuring less than 5 cm is typically physiological and usually resolves spontaneously. Follow-up pelvic ultrasound in 6–12 weeks may be considered if the cyst persists, enlarges, or symptoms continue. Gynecological consultation is recommended if complications such as torsion, rupture, or persistent enlargement are suspected.

Key Learning Points

• Follicular cysts are the most common physiological ovarian cysts in women of reproductive age.
• They appear as a thin-walled, unilocular, anechoic cyst with posterior acoustic enhancement.
• There should be no internal septations, mural nodules, papillary projections, or solid components.
• No internal vascularity is seen on Color Doppler, although normal peripheral ovarian stromal vascularity may be present.
• Most simple follicular cysts measuring <5 cm resolve spontaneously over one or two menstrual cycles.
• Large, persistent, or symptomatic cysts warrant follow-up imaging and possible gynecological evaluation.
• Differential diagnoses include corpus luteum cyst, hemorrhagic cyst, paraovarian cyst, and benign ovarian neoplasm.

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