📄 SCRS
Nuchal Cord
Nuchal Cord ultrasound case study
USG
Nuchal cord ultrasound case study
Case Study Record
| SN | Case Name | Report Line |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Single loop | View Report Line |
| 2 | Dual loops | View Report Line |
| 3 | Triple loop | View Report Line |
| 4 | For or more loop | View Report Line |
CASE–1
Single Loop Nuchal Cord
Single Loop Nuchal Cord
Clinical History
A 27-year-old pregnant female at 38 weeks of gestation presented for routine third-trimester obstetric ultrasound examination. Fetal movements were perceived normally. There was no history of vaginal bleeding, leaking per vaginum, or decreased fetal movements.
Ultrasound Findings
Obstetric ultrasound demonstrates a single loop of the umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck. Color Doppler imaging confirms the presence of a single nuchal cord loop with the umbilical vessels seen coursing around the neck. No evidence of multiple loops, true knot, or cord prolapse is identified. Fetal cardiac activity is normal, and amniotic fluid volume is within normal limits. Fetal biometry is appropriate for gestational age.
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| Color Doppler obstetric ultrasound. Sonographic image demonstrates a single loop of umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck, producing the characteristic appearance of a single nuchal cord. |
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| Power Doppler obstetric ultrasound. Sonographic image demonstrates a single loop of umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck, with Power Doppler clearly delineating the vascularized cord loop around the neck, consistent with a single nuchal cord. |
Report Line
Single loop of nuchal cord noted around the fetal neck,(3V in dopler and U-shaped depresion on fetal neck in gray scale imaging) without sonographic evidence of significant cord compression or associated fetal hemodynamic compromise.
Impression
Single loop nuchal cord.
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Recommendation
Clinical and obstetric correlation is advised. A single nuchal cord is a common antenatal finding and is usually not associated with adverse fetal outcome. Routine fetal surveillance should be continued as clinically indicated. Further assessment may be considered if there is decreased fetal movement, abnormal fetal heart rate patterns, or suspected cord complications.
Key Learning Points
- A nuchal cord refers to the umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck.
- Single-loop nuchal cord is the most common type and is frequently detected during the third trimester.
- Color Doppler imaging improves diagnostic confidence by demonstrating the cord vessels around the neck.
- Most cases are incidental findings and result in normal perinatal outcomes.
- The likelihood of fetal compromise increases with multiple tight loops rather than a single loose loop.
- Differential considerations include cord adjacent to the neck without complete encirclement and body cord loops.
- Routine obstetric follow-up is generally sufficient in isolated single-loop nuchal cord cases.
CASE–2
Double Loop Nuchal Cord
Double Loop Nuchal Cord
Clinical History
A 27-year-old pregnant female at 38 weeks of gestation presented for routine third-trimester obstetric ultrasound examination. Fetal movements were perceived normally. There was no history of vaginal bleeding, leaking per vaginum, or decreased fetal movements.
Ultrasound Findings
Obstetric ultrasound demonstrates two loops of the umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck. Color Doppler and Power Doppler imaging confirm the presence of a double nuchal cord, with the umbilical vessels seen coursing around the fetal neck in two distinct loops. The two cord loops are clearly delineated on Doppler examination. No evidence of a true knot or cord prolapse is identified. Fetal cardiac activity is normal, and amniotic fluid volume is within normal limits. Fetal biometry is appropriate for gestational age.
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|
| Color Doppler obstetric ultrasound. Sonographic image demonstrates two loops of umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck, producing the characteristic appearance of a double nuchal cord. |
|
| Power Doppler obstetric ultrasound. Sonographic image demonstrates two loops of umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck, with Power Doppler clearly delineating the vascularized cord loops around the neck, consistent with a double nuchal cord. |
Report Line
Two loops of nuchal cord noted around the fetal neck, with two distinct vascularized cord loops demonstrated on Color/Power Doppler and corresponding double U-shaped cord configuration around the fetal neck on gray-scale imaging. No sonographic evidence of significant cord compression or associated fetal hemodynamic compromise.
Impression
Double loop nuchal cord.
Go To Table
CASE–3
Triple Loop Nuchal Cord
Triple Loop Nuchal Cord
Clinical History
A 27-year-old pregnant female at 38 weeks of gestation presented for routine third-trimester obstetric ultrasound examination. Fetal movements were perceived normally. There was no history of vaginal bleeding, leaking per vaginum, or decreased fetal movements.
Ultrasound Findings
Obstetric ultrasound demonstrates three loops of the umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck. Color Doppler and Power Doppler imaging confirm the presence of a triple nuchal cord, with the umbilical vessels seen coursing around the fetal neck in three distinct loops. The three cord loops are clearly delineated on Doppler examination. No evidence of a true knot or cord prolapse is identified. Fetal cardiac activity is normal, and amniotic fluid volume is within normal limits. Fetal biometry is appropriate for gestational age.
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|
| Color Doppler obstetric ultrasound. Sonographic image demonstrates three loops of umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck, producing the characteristic appearance of a triple nuchal cord. |
|
| Power Doppler obstetric ultrasound. Sonographic image demonstrates three loops of umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck, with Power Doppler clearly delineating the vascularized cord loops around the neck, consistent with a triple nuchal cord. |
Report Line
Three loops of nuchal cord noted around the fetal neck, with three distinct vascularized cord loops demonstrated on Color/Power Doppler and corresponding multiple U-shaped cord configurations around the fetal neck on gray-scale imaging. No sonographic evidence of significant cord compression or associated fetal hemodynamic compromise.
Impression
Triple loop nuchal cord.
Go To Table
CASE–4
Four-Loop Nuchal Cord
Four-Loop Nuchal Cord
Clinical History
A 27-year-old pregnant female at 38 weeks of gestation presented for routine third-trimester obstetric ultrasound examination. Fetal movements were perceived normally. There was no history of vaginal bleeding, leaking per vaginum, or decreased fetal movements.
Ultrasound Findings
Obstetric ultrasound demonstrates four loops of the umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck. Color Doppler and Power Doppler imaging confirm the presence of a four-loop nuchal cord, with the umbilical vessels seen coursing around the fetal neck in four distinct loops. The four cord loops are clearly delineated on Doppler examination. No evidence of a true knot or cord prolapse is identified. Fetal cardiac activity is normal, and amniotic fluid volume is within normal limits. Fetal biometry is appropriate for gestational age.
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| Color Doppler obstetric ultrasound. Sonographic image demonstrates four loops of umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck, producing the characteristic appearance of a four-loop nuchal cord. |
|
| Power Doppler obstetric ultrasound. Sonographic image demonstrates four loops of umbilical cord encircling the fetal neck, with Power Doppler clearly delineating the vascularized cord loops around the neck, consistent with a four-loop nuchal cord. |
Report Line
Four loops of nuchal cord noted around the fetal neck, with four distinct vascularized cord loops demonstrated on Color/Power Doppler and corresponding multiple U-shaped cord configurations around the fetal neck on gray-scale imaging. No sonographic evidence of significant cord compression or associated fetal hemodynamic compromise.
Impression
Four-loop nuchal cord.
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